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MCAT Chemistry > Naming Functional Groups > Flashcards

Naming Functional Groups Flashcards

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1
Q
A

t-butyl

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2
Q
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neopentyl bromide

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3
Q
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sec-butyl

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4
Q
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isobutyl

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5
Q
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methane

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6
Q
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ethane

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7
Q
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propane

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8
Q
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butane

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9
Q
A

pentane

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10
Q

What does an alcohol with two hydroxyl groups?

A

diols or glycols

Uses suffix -diol

Number each hydroxyl group

E.g. ethane- 1,2-diol

Diols with hydroxyl group son same carbon are geminal diols

Diols with hydroxyl groups on adjacent carbons are called vicinal doils

Geminal diols (hydrates) spontaneously dehydrate to produce carbonyl compounds

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11
Q
A

butanal

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12
Q
A

methanal

OR formaldehyde

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13
Q
A

ethanal

OR acetaldehyde

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14
Q
A

2-pentanone

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15
Q
A

2-propanone

OR dimethylketone

OR acetone

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16
Q
A

3-butene-2-one

OR methylvinylketone

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17
Q
A

3-(5-oxohexyl)cyclohexanone

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18
Q
A

methanoic acid

OR formic acid

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19
Q
A

ethanoic acid

OR acetic acid

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20
Q
A

propanoic acid

OR propionic acid

21
Q
A

ethyl ethanoate

22
Q
A

methyl propanoate

23
Q
A

methyl butanoate

24
Q
A

ethanoic propanoic anhydride

25
Q
A

ethanoic anhydride

OR acetic anhydride

26
Q
A

phthalic anhydride

27
Q
A

succinic anhydride

28
Q

Carboxylic Acid prefix and suffix

A

Prefix: carboxy-

Suffix: -oic acid

29
Q

Anydride prefix and suffix

A

Prefix: alkanoyloxycarbonyl-

Suffix: anhydride

30
Q

Ester prefix and suffix

A

Prefix: alkoxycarbonyl-

Suffix: -oate

31
Q

Amide prefix and suffix

A

Prefix: carbamoyl- or amido

Suffix: -amide

32
Q

Aldeyhyde prefix and suffix

A

Prefix: -oxo

Suffix: -al

33
Q

Ketone prefix and suffix

A

Prefix: oxo- or keto-

Suffix: -one

34
Q

Alcohol prefix and suffix

A

Prefix: hydroxy-

Suffix: -ol

35
Q

Alkene prefix and suffix

A

Prefix: alkenyl-

Suffix: -ene

36
Q

Alkyne prefix and suffix

A

Prefix: alkynyl-

Suffix: -yne

37
Q

Alkane prefix and suffix

A

Prefix: alkyl-

Suffix: -ane

38
Q

Order of functional group priority

A

Carboxylic acid > Anhydride > Ester > Amide > Aldehyde > Ketone > Alcohol > Alkene = Alkyne > Alkane

In cyclic compounds, alkenes have higher priority than alkynes

39
Q

How do you name alcohols in organic chemistry?

A

Replace -e in name of corresponding alkane with -ol

Chain numbered so carbon attached to hydroxyl group gets lowest possible number (even with multiple bond)

If not highest priority, then hydroxy- substituent

40
Q

How do you name an aldehyde in an organic chemistry compound?

A

Generally attached to carbon number 1, if highest priority

Named by replacing -e of parent alkane with suffix -al

When aldehyde is position 1, do not need to include number in name

e.g. butanal

41
Q

How do you name a ketone in organic chemistry?

A

Contains carbonyl somewhere in middl eof carbon chain, so need to assign number to carbonyl carbon (except propanone)

Repace -e in name of parent alkane with suffix -one

Give carbonyl lowest possible number if highest priority goup

Commonly named by listing alkyl groups in alphabetical order

E.g. ethylmethylketone for 2-butanone

42
Q

How do you name carboxylic acids in organic chemistry?

A

Terminal functional groups, therefore associated carbon is usually a 1.

Most oxidized functional group, and therefore many times highest priority

Replace -e in name of parent alkane with suffix -oic acid

43
Q

How do you name an ester in an organic chemistry compound?

A

Hydroxyl group of carboxylic acid is replaced with alkoxy group (-OR)

First term is alkyl name of esterifying group (adjective describing ester)

Second term is name of parent acid, with -oate replacing the -oic acid suffix

E.g. ethyl propanoate, where ethyl is off of the ester

44
Q

How do you name an amide compound in organic chemistry?

A

Carboxylic acid derivative

Hydroxyl group of carboxylic acid is replaced by an amino (nitrogen-containing) group, which can be bonded to zero, one, or two alkyl gorups

Named similar to esters, except suffix becomes -amide

Substitutents attached to nitrogen atom are labeled with a capital N, indicating that theyre bonded to the parent molecule via a nitrogen (not numbered)

E.g. N-ethyl-N-methylbutanamide

45
Q

How do you name an anhydride in an organic chemistry compound?

A

Carboxylic acid derivative

Formed from two carboxylic acids, where one water molecule is removed

many are cyclic

Replace acdi with anhydride for the name of the corresponding carboxylic acid if symmetrical

If not symmetrical, both carboxylic acids are named (without the -acid)

E.g. ethanoic propanoic anhydride

46
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47
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48
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MCAT Chemistry (8 decks)

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