Naming Compounds Flashcards
What is (NH3)?
Ammonia
What does a Roman Numeral indicate?
The charge (of the cation)
How do you calculate the amount of moles in an element/compound when only given the mass (g)?
moles = mass/molar mass
What is the molar mass of CO2?
C=12.01
O= 2(16.00)
MM= 44.01 moles
what is avogadro’s number?
6.02 x 10^23
How to you go from grams to moles of a substance?
Divide the grams by the molar mass of substance
How do you go from moles to grams of a substance?
Multiply by the moles of singular substance by the molar mass of total substance
How do you go from moles to numbers of atoms/molecules of a substance?
Multiply moles of substance by avogadro’s number and number of atoms/molecules.
How do you go from atoms/molecules of a substance to moles?
Divide by avogadro’s number.
What is aluminum sulfide?
Al2S3
What is the chemical formula for THC?
C21H30O2
What is the conversion from μg to g?
1μg = 10^-6 g
What is methane?
CH4
What indicates charge?
Roman Numerals
What group are the metals that form only ONE CATION (only one possible charge)?
group 1A and 2A and Al^3+ (group 3A)
Transition metal ions Ag^+ (group 1B), Zn^2+ (group 2B) and Cd^2+ (group 2B) mostly form only ONE CATION in most situations.
Roman numerals indicate what?
The charge of ions
Cations formed from molecules composed of NONMETAL ATOMS have names that end in what?
-ium
Molecules that end in -ium are what?
Cations formed from molecules composed of NONMETAL ATOMS have names that end in -ium.
What’s charge of 1+ with a formula of H^+?
Hydrogen ion
What is H^+?
Hydrogen ion
Li^+ (1+ charge) is called?
Lithium ion
Na^+ (1+ charge) is?
Sodium ion
K^+ (1+ charge)
Potassium ion
Cs^+
Cesium Ion (1+ charge)
Ag^+
Silver ion (1+ charge)
Mg^2+
Magnesium ion (2+ charge)
Ca^2+
Calcium ion (2+ charge)
Sr^2+
Strontium ion (2+ charge)
Ba^2+
Barium ion (2+ charge)
Zn^2+
Zinc ion (2+ charge)
Cd^2+
Cadmium ion (2+ charge)
Al^3+
Aluminum ion (3+ charge)
NH4^+
Ammonium ion (1+ charge)
Cu^+
Copper (I)
OR
cuprous ion (1+ charge)
Co^2+
Cobalt (II)
OR
Cobaltous ion (2+ charge)
Cu^2+
Copper (II) or
cupric ion (2+ charge)
Fe^2+
Iron (II) or ferrous iron
Mn^2+
Maganese (II) or
maganous ion (2+ charge)
Hg2^2+
mercury (I) or
mercuric ion (2+ charge)
Ni^2+
nickel (II) or
nickelous ion (2+ charge)
Pb^2+
Lead (II) or
plumbous ion (2+ charge)
Sn^2+
Tin (II) or
stannous ion
Cr^3+
chromium (III) or chromic ion
Fe^3+
iron (III) or
ferric ion
H-
hydride ion (anion)
O^2-
oxide ion
N^3-
nitride ion
OH^-
hydroxide ion
CN^-
cyanide ion
O2^2-
peroxide ion
NO3^-
niTRATE ion
NO2^-
NitrITE ion
SO4^2-
SulfATE ion
SO3^2-
SulfITE ion
ClO4^-
PERchlorATE ion
(one more O atom than chlorate)
ClO3^-
chlorATE ion
ClO2^-
ChlorITE ion (one O atom FEWER than CHLORATE —> what is chlorate?)
chlorate ion= ClO3^-
ClO^-
HYPOchlorITE ion (one O atom FEWER than chlorITE —> what is chlorITE?)
chlorite ion = ClO2^-
What is C?
carbon
What is F?
Flourine
What is H?
Hydrogen
What is I?
Iodine
What is N?
Nitrogen
What is O?
Oxygen
What is P?
Phosphorous
What is S?
Sulfur
What is Al?
Aluminum
What is Br?
Bromine
What is calcium?
Ca
What is chlorine?
Cl
What is Helium?
He
What is Li?
Lithium
What is Mg?
Magnesium
What is Si?
Silicon
What is copper?
Cu
What is iron?
Fe
What is Lead?
Pb
What is Hg?
Mercury
What is Potassium?
K
What is silver?
Ag
What is sodium?
Na
What is tin?
Sn
name and abbreviation of length in SI Units?
Meter / m
name and abbreviation of mass in SI Units?
Kilogram / kg
name and abbreviation of temperature in SI units?
Kelvin / K
name and abbreviation of time in SI units?
second / s or sec
name and abbreviation of amount of substance in SI units?
mole / mol
How do you name an IONIC compound?
Cation name + anion name (-ide ending), PREDICT CHARGE
How do you name an acidic ionic compound?
H acts as cation, naming differs by type of oxyacid or binary acid
How do you name an oxyacid?
Hydrogen + polyatomic ion
WHAT I ATE MADE ME SIC
THE SNAKE BITE WAS POISONOUS
How do you name a binary acid?
Hydrogen + single nonmetal
Hydro______IC ACID
How do you name a molecular compound?
nonmetal + nonmetal (no overall charge)
standard
—> nonmetal + nonmetal -ide ending
diatomic
big 7 just called the element name
How do you convert grams to moles?
divide by molar mass
how do you convert moles to grams?
multiply by the molar mass
what is molar mass?
amu x amount of molecules
moles to number of atoms/molecules?
moles x avo. #
number of atoms/molecules to moles?
number of atoms/molecules divided by avo #
what is molecular formula weight?
molecular weight / empirical weight
molecular = given
empirical = EMPIRICAL (total mass x molecules)
what is density?
d = m/v
what are elements?
cannot be broken down into any simpler substance
what are compounds?
substances made of two or more elements
what is a homogenous mixture?
a mixture who’s composition is UNIFORM throughout
(alloy, air, solutions, wine)
what is a heterogenous mixture?
a mixture who’s composition is NOT uniform throughout
(granite, sand + water, smog, “cookie”)
physical properties/changes?
properties that can be observed without changes to the substances or composition (a change in appearance but NOT composition)
chemical properties?
properties based on how a substance reacts; undergoes a transformation into a different substance.
evaporation of rubbing alcohol is what type of property change?
physical
burning of lamp oil is what type of property?
chemical
bleaching hair is what type of property change?
chemical
formation of frost on cold night is what type of property change?
physical
what is filtration?
separates mixtures of solids and liquids
what is distillation?
separates mixtures based on boiling point.
atomic number is what?
at the top
atomic weight on periodic table is where?
at the bottom (averaged)
horizontal = ?
periods
vertical = ?
groups
metals are where?
near the left
nonmetals are where?
near the right
metalloids are where?
the ladder area
what group are Alkali Metals?
Group 1A - HIGHLY REACTIVE
group of alkali earth metals?
group 2A - LESS REACTIVE
halogens are group what?
group 7A - mostly gases
transition metals are group what?
Groups 3B - 2B —> UNEASY TO PREDICT (middle chunk)
what group are nobel gases?
group 8A - monoatomic(one atom) and NONREACTIVE
chemical formula does what?
determines the # of each ATOM in the molecule using SUBSCRIPTS
what do empirical formulas do?
show the ratio of atoms in a compound (percent wise)
what are ionic compounds?
compounds formed between a metal and nonmetal. bonded thru electron transfer
what are molecular compounds?
compounds formed between nonmetals and bonded through electron SHARING.
alkaline earth metals typically form ions w a what charge?
2+ charge
polyatomic prefixes? IN ORDER?
mono
di
tri
tetra
penta
hex’s
hepta
octa
nona
deca
Name H3PO4 and identity the type of molecule
acid —> oxyacid —> phosphoric acid
Name HCl
binary acid —> hydrochloric acid
What is hypochlorite acid?
HClO (hypochlorite + O)
What is Hydroiodic acid?
binary —> HI
(binary gets the hydro and ICK)
binary gives the what?
THE ICK (hydro before)
what i ate made me sick
the snake bite was poisonous
ATE = IC
ITE = OUS
what are the big 7?
EXCEPTIONS FOR PREFIXES
Hydrogen (H2)
Nitrogen (N2)
Oxygen (O2)
Flourine (O2)
Chlorine (Cl2)
Bromine (Br2)
Iodine (I2)
combustion reaction?
two or more reagents form one product
A+B —> C
decomposition reaction?
one reagent produces two or more products
A —> B+C
combustion reaction often produces..
flame and is rapid; O2 is many times a reagent and CO2 and H2O are products.
how do you find percent yield?
(actual / theoretical) x 100
what’s the how to empirical poem?
percent to mass
mass to mole
divide by small
multiply til whole
of neutrons changing makes an ion what
an isotope
positive charge; what happens to electrons?
LOSE ELECTRONS
how do u identify an oxyacid?
if it has H and Oxygen and one other element in it.
how do you identify a binary acid?
if it has H and a nonmetal
