Naming Chemical compounds Flashcards
What is the formula and overall charge for carbonate ?
Carbonate ions, CO3 has an overall charge of 2-
What is NaCl
Sodium Chloride, also known as table salt
Name H2O2, what is it ?
Hydrogen Peroxide, a weak acid
How to name ionic compounds?
( hint: mention metals with more than one possible cation )
When naming ionic compounds, the cation retains the same name as the element.
The anion’s name is similar to the elemental name, but the ending of the name has been removed and replaced with “-ide.”
If a metallic element has cations of different charges, which cation is used has to be indicated by its SUFFIX or the use of Roman numerals in brackets after its name in writing (the STOCK SYSTEM).
How to name covalent compounds?
When simple molecular compounds, the more electropositive atom is written first and the more electronegative element is written last with an -ide suffix.
Greek PREFIXES are used to dictate the number of a given element present in a molecular compound.
How to name polyatomic ions ?
In polyatomic ions:
- Those ending in ATE have 3 oxygen
- Ending in ITE has 2 oxygen
- ITE with “hypo” at the front has one oxygen.
THIS IS FOR POLYATOMIC IONS ONLY!!
How to name monatomic ions?
The name of a monatomic cation is simply the name of the element followed by the word ion.
The monatomic anions are named by adding -ide to the root of the name.
When to use Ate VS Ide ending in polyatomic ions
(Ionic compounds)
The name of an ionic compound ends in:
-ide if it contains just two elements.
-ate if it contains three or more elements, one of which is oxygen.
What are polyatomic ions?
Polyatomic ions are ions which consist of more than one type of atom in a covalent compound.
For example, nitrate ion, NO3-, contains one nitrogen atom and three oxygen atoms. The atoms in a polyatomic ion are usually covalently bonded to one another, and therefore stay together as a single, charged unit.
Whats the difference in Sulfide, sulfite and sulfate? Does the charge change?
Sulfide is just a sulfur anion by itself. It has a charge of -2
Sulfite is SO3 and it also has a charge of -2
Sulfate has a charge of -2 as well, but is SO4
How does charge work in polyatomic ions ? Explain using [OH]- ( Hydroxide )
The net charge on the hydroxide ion is indicated by putting the entire dot structure inside square brackets with the charge on the upper right.
We see that hydroxide has a 1- charge, which means the ion has one more electron than there are protons in the nuclei of a hydrogen atom plus an oxygen atom.
polyatomic ions vs compounds.
The key difference between polyatomic ions and compounds is that polyatomic ions have either a positive or negative electrical charge whereas compounds have no net electrical charge
What are exothermic reactions?
A chemical reaction that produces heat and energy, e.g. Combustion
Given Compound “Ide” name acid
Hydro ____ ic
Given Compound “Ite” name acid
Ous
