Naming and representing the formulae of organic compounds Flashcards
What is a hydrocarbon?
A compound that only consists of carbon and hydrogen atoms only.
Hydrocarbons also form a series of compounds with similar structures and formulas that can be represented in a lot of different ways
What is nomenclature?
It is the rules of how organic compounds should be named and how their formulas should be represented.
What are the first 5 prefixes for carbon chains?
Meth- Eth- Prop- But- Pent-
what is the alkene suffix?
-ene
what is the alkane suffix?
-ane
what is the suffix for alcohol?
-ol
what is the suffix for carboxylic acid?
-oic acid
what does the suffix tell you?
The suffix tells us the functional group present
what is the suffix for a ketone?
-one
what is the suffix for an Aldehydle?
-al
what is the suffix for an ester?
-ate
what is the suffix for an amine?
-amine
what does the empirical formula tell us?
the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound
what does the molecular formula tell us?
the actual number of atoms of each element in a compound
What is the general formula for an alkane?
CnH2n + 2
what is the general formula for an alkene?
CnH2n
what is meant by the term structural formula?
the minimal detail that shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule
what is meant by the term displayed formula?
The relative positioning of atoms and the bonds between them.
what is meant by the term skeletal formula ?
The simplified formula of a carbon skeleton
what are the homologous series?
A series of organic compounds with the same functional group.
But each successive member is differing by CH2.
What does each homologous series have?
And what does it do?
a functional group
it allows the molecule to be recognised
What is the functional group responsible for?
The characteristic reactions for a compound
What is an alkyl group? And what is its general formula?
It is a hydrocarbon chain with a general formula of CnH2n+1
What is an aliphatic compound?
It is a compound containing a carbon and hydrogen joint together in a straight or branched chain or a non-aromatic ring/
What is an alicyclic compound?
It is an aliphatic compound arranged in non-aromatic rings, with or without chains.
What is an aromatic compound?
An aromatic compound is a compound containing a fully conjugated ring
What is a saturated compound?
It is a compound that contains single carbon-carbon bonds only.
What is an unsaturated compound?
A compound that contains multiple double or tripple C-C bonds and aromatic rings
What are isomers?
Isomers are molecules with the same molecular formula but different arrangement of atoms within the molecule.
What are chain isomers?
They have the same molecular formula but with a different arrangement of the carbon skeleton.
What are position isomers?
They have the same functional group but its on a different molecule.
What is a functional group isomer?
Functional group isomers have the same molecular formula but the molecules have different functional group
