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Naming Organic Compounds > Naming Alkanes And Introduction To Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

Naming Alkanes And Introduction To Organic Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

What is the general formula for alkanes?

A

CnH2n+2

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2
Q

True or False: Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons.

A

True

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3
Q

What is the name of a 5-carbon alkane?

A

Pentane

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4
Q

Fill in the blank: The simplest alkane is ____.

A

Methane

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5
Q

Which suffix is used in the naming of alkanes?

A

-ane

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6
Q

What is the IUPAC name for C3H8?

A

Propane

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7
Q

True or False: Alkanes can have double bonds.

A

False

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8
Q

What is the name of the alkane with the formula C6H14?

A

Hexane

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9
Q

Which of the following is an alkane? A) C2H4 B) C3H6 C) C4H10

A

C4H10

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10
Q

What is the common name for the alkane with 8 carbon atoms?

A

Octane

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11
Q

Fill in the blank: An alkane with 7 carbon atoms is called ____.

A

Heptane

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12
Q

What is the IUPAC name for C5H12?

A

Pentane

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13
Q

True or False: Alkanes can form cyclic structures.

A

True

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14
Q

What is the name of a cyclic alkane with 6 carbon atoms?

A

Cyclohexane

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15
Q

What is the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms in a branched alkane called?

A

Parent chain

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16
Q

Which prefix indicates a 4-carbon alkane?

A

But-

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17
Q

What is the IUPAC name for an alkane with a branched chain of 2-methylpentane?

A

2-Methylpentane

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18
Q

Fill in the blank: The prefix ‘dec-‘ indicates ____ carbon atoms.

A

10

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19
Q

True or False: The name of an alkane is based on the number of carbon atoms it contains.

A

True

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20
Q

What is the name of the alkane with the formula C10H22?

A

Decane

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21
Q

Which of the following is a valid name for an alkane? A) C5H11 B) 3-Hexane C) 2,2-Dimethylbutane

A

2,2-Dimethylbutane

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22
Q

What is the IUPAC name for C12H26?

A

Dodecane

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23
Q

Fill in the blank: The prefix for 3 carbon atoms is ____.

A

Prop-

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24
Q

What is the name of the alkane with 9 carbon atoms?

A

Nonane

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25
Q

True or False: Alkanes can have functional groups like alcohols or ketones.

A

False

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26
Q

What is the parent chain in the alkane 3-ethyl-2-methylpentane?

A

Pentane

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27
Q
A
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28
Q

What is the general formula for alkanes?

A

C_nH_(2n+2)

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29
Q

True or False: Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons.

A

True

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30
Q

What suffix is used in the IUPAC nomenclature of alkanes?

A

-ane

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31
Q

Fill in the blank: The longest continuous chain of carbon atoms in an alkane is called the __________.

A

parent chain

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32
Q

What is the name of the alkane with 5 carbon atoms?

A

Pentane

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33
Q

How do you determine the correct numbering of carbon atoms in a branched alkane?

A

Number the chain to give the substituents the lowest possible numbers.

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34
Q

Which of the following is a branched alkane: A) Hexane B) 2-Methylpentane C) Octane?

A

B) 2-Methylpentane

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35
Q

What is the prefix used for a 4-carbon alkyl group?

A

Butyl

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36
Q

True or False: The name ‘2,3-Dimethylbutane’ indicates that there are two methyl groups on the second and third carbons of a butane chain.

A

True

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37
Q

What is the IUPAC name for CH₃-CH₂-CH₂-CH₃?

A

Butane

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38
Q

Fill in the blank: The term __________ refers to a compound that has the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements.

A

isomer

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39
Q

What is the name of the alkane with 10 carbon atoms?

A

Decane

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40
Q

How do you name an alkane with a cyclic structure?

A

Use the prefix ‘cyclo-‘ followed by the alkane name.

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41
Q

What is the common name for 2-Methylpropane?

A

Isobutane

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42
Q

True or False: The position of substituents is indicated by numbers in the IUPAC name.

A

True

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43
Q

What is the prefix used for a 6-carbon alkyl group?

A

Hexyl

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44
Q

What is the IUPAC name for the alkane represented by the formula C₇H₁₆?

A

Heptane

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45
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ is the component of an alkane name that indicates the presence of substituents.

A

locant

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46
Q

What is the correct IUPAC name for a straight-chain alkane with 8 carbon atoms?

A

Octane

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47
Q

Which of the following is NOT a valid alkane: A) Pentane B) Butyne C) Hexane?

A

B) Butyne

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48
Q

What is the IUPAC name for an alkane with the formula C₉H₂₀?

A

Nonane

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49
Q

True or False: Alkanes can have double or triple bonds.

A

False

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50
Q

What is the name of the alkane with 3 carbon atoms?

A

Propane

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51
Q

What is the common name for 3-Methylpentane?

A

3-Methylpentane

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52
Q

Fill in the blank: A __________ is a group of atoms that replaces a hydrogen atom in an alkane.

A

substituent

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53
Q

What is the IUPAC name for the alkane with the structure CH₃-CH(CH₃)-CH₂-CH₃?

A

2-Methylbutane

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54
Q

What is the prefix used for a 7-carbon alkyl group?

56
Q

What is organic chemistry?

A

The branch of chemistry that studies the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and synthesis of carbon-containing compounds.

57
Q

True or False: Organic compounds can only contain carbon and hydrogen.

58
Q

Fill in the blank: The simplest organic compounds are called ______.

A

hydrocarbons

59
Q

What are hydrocarbons?

A

Compounds consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon.

60
Q

What are the two main categories of hydrocarbons?

A

Aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons.

61
Q

Define aliphatic hydrocarbons.

A

Hydrocarbons that are not aromatic and can be straight-chain or branched.

62
Q

Define aromatic hydrocarbons.

A

Hydrocarbons that contain one or more benzene rings.

63
Q

What is the general formula for alkanes?

A

C_nH_(2n+2)

64
Q

What is the general formula for alkenes?

65
Q

What is the general formula for alkynes?

A

C_nH_(2n-2)

66
Q

True or False: Alkenes and alkynes are unsaturated hydrocarbons.

67
Q

What is a functional group?

A

A specific group of atoms within a molecule that is responsible for characteristic chemical reactions.

68
Q

Give an example of a functional group.

A

Hydroxyl group (-OH)

69
Q

What property of organic compounds is primarily influenced by the presence of functional groups?

A

Chemical reactivity

70
Q

What is isomerism?

A

The phenomenon where compounds have the same molecular formula but different structures.

71
Q

What are structural isomers?

A

Isomers that differ in the connectivity of their atoms.

72
Q

What are stereoisomers?

A

Isomers that have the same connectivity but differ in the spatial arrangement of atoms.

73
Q

What does the term ‘hydrophobic’ refer to?

A

A property of compounds that do not interact well with water.

74
Q

What does the term ‘hydrophilic’ refer to?

A

A property of compounds that interact well with water.

75
Q

What is the significance of carbon’s tetravalency in organic chemistry?

A

It allows carbon to form stable bonds with four other atoms, leading to diverse molecular structures.

76
Q

True or False: Organic chemistry only deals with naturally occurring compounds.

77
Q

What is a saturated hydrocarbon?

A

A hydrocarbon that contains only single bonds between carbon atoms.

78
Q

What is the primary source of hydrocarbons?

A

Fossil fuels

79
Q

What is a key property of hydrocarbons that affects their boiling points?

A

Molecular weight and branching

80
Q

What is the process of cracking in hydrocarbons?

A

Breaking down larger hydrocarbon molecules into smaller ones, often to produce fuels.

81
Q

What type of bond is found in alkenes?

A

Double bond

83
Q

What is organic chemistry?

A

Organic chemistry is the branch of chemistry that studies the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and synthesis of carbon-containing compounds.

84
Q

True or False: Organic chemistry only deals with substances derived from living organisms.

85
Q

What element is central to organic chemistry?

86
Q

Fill in the blank: Hydrocarbons are organic compounds that consist only of ______ and ______.

A

carbon; hydrogen.

87
Q

What are the two main types of hydrocarbons?

A

Aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons.

88
Q

What is an example of an aliphatic hydrocarbon?

A

Alkanes, alkenes, or alkynes.

89
Q

What distinguishes aromatic hydrocarbons from aliphatic hydrocarbons?

A

Aromatic hydrocarbons contain a ring structure with delocalized pi electrons.

90
Q

True or False: All hydrocarbons are flammable.

91
Q

What is the simplest alkane?

A

Methane (CH4).

92
Q

What is the general formula for alkanes?

A

C_nH_(2n+2).

93
Q

What are cycloalkanes?

A

Cycloalkanes are alkanes that contain a ring structure.

94
Q

What is a common use of hydrocarbons?

A

Hydrocarbons are commonly used as fuels, such as gasoline and natural gas.

95
Q

Fill in the blank: The process of breaking down hydrocarbons into smaller molecules is known as ______.

96
Q

What is an example of an aromatic hydrocarbon?

97
Q

What are the physical states of hydrocarbons at room temperature?

A

Gaseous, liquid, or solid, depending on the molecular size.

98
Q

True or False: Hydrocarbons can be used as solvents.

99
Q

What is the role of hydrocarbons in the production of plastics?

A

Hydrocarbons serve as the raw materials for the synthesis of many plastics.

100
Q

What is the process called that converts hydrocarbons into alcohols?

A

Hydrogenation.

101
Q

What are saturated hydrocarbons?

A

Saturated hydrocarbons are hydrocarbons that contain only single bonds between carbon atoms.

102
Q

What are unsaturated hydrocarbons?

A

Unsaturated hydrocarbons contain one or more double or triple bonds between carbon atoms.

103
Q

Fill in the blank: The boiling point of hydrocarbons generally ______ as the molecular weight increases.

A

increases.

104
Q

What are some environmental concerns associated with hydrocarbons?

A

Pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, and oil spills.

105
Q

What is the significance of functional groups in organic chemistry?

A

Functional groups determine the chemical reactivity and properties of organic compounds.

106
Q

What is isomerism in organic chemistry?

A

Isomerism is the occurrence of compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements.

107
Q

True or False: Hydrocarbons do not react with acids.

108
Q

What is the main source of hydrocarbons?

A

Fossil fuels, such as oil and natural gas.

109
Q

What is the definition of an organic compound?

A

An organic compound is typically defined as any chemical compound that contains carbon-hydrogen bonds.

110
Q

True or False: All carbon-containing compounds are classified as organic compounds.

111
Q

Which carbon-containing compounds are considered exceptions to the organic classification?

A

Carbonates, carbides, and carbon oxides are examples of carbon-containing compounds that are not classified as organic.

112
Q

Fill in the blank: Carbon _______ and carbon _______ are examples of carbon-containing compounds that are not organic.

A

dioxide, monoxide

113
Q

What is the chemical formula for carbon dioxide?

114
Q

Which of the following is NOT an organic compound? A) Methane B) Ethanol C) Calcium carbonate D) Acetic acid

A

C) Calcium carbonate

115
Q

True or False: Carbides are organic compounds.

116
Q

What type of compound is calcium carbide (CaC2)?

A

It is a carbide, which is a carbon-containing compound that is not organic.

117
Q

What do carbonates contain that makes them inorganic?

A

Carbonates contain the carbonate ion (CO3^2-), which classifies them as inorganic.

118
Q

Fill in the blank: The compound _______ is an example of a carbon oxide.

A

carbon monoxide

119
Q

List two examples of carbon oxides.

A

Carbon dioxide (CO2) and carbon monoxide (CO).

120
Q

Which of the following is a characteristic of inorganic carbon compounds? A) They contain carbon-hydrogen bonds B) They are derived from living organisms C) They do not contain carbon-hydrogen bonds D) They are all gases

A

C) They do not contain carbon-hydrogen bonds

121
Q

What is the main difference between organic and inorganic carbon compounds?

A

Organic compounds contain carbon-hydrogen bonds, while inorganic compounds do not.

122
Q

True or False: Urea is classified as an organic compound.

123
Q

What is the exception for urea being classified as an organic compound despite containing carbon?

A

Urea contains carbon but is derived from biological processes, thus it is considered organic.

124
Q

What is the significance of the carbon atom’s ability to form four covalent bonds?

A

It allows carbon to form a diverse range of organic compounds, but does not apply to inorganic compounds.

125
Q

Which of the following compounds contains carbon but is not organic? A) Sucrose B) Sodium bicarbonate C) Ethylene D) Glucose

A

B) Sodium bicarbonate

126
Q

Define a carbide.

A

A carbide is a compound composed of carbon and a less electronegative element.

127
Q

True or False: All carbon-containing compounds are derived from living organisms.

128
Q

What is the formula for sodium carbonate?

129
Q

Name one use of carbonates in industry.

A

Carbonates are commonly used in the production of glass.

130
Q

Fill in the blank: The gas _______ is produced when carbon combusts in insufficient oxygen.

A

carbon monoxide

131
Q

What is the importance of distinguishing between organic and inorganic compounds?

A

It helps in understanding chemical properties, reactions, and applications in various fields.

132
Q

True or False: All inorganic carbon compounds are harmful.

133
Q

What type of bond is primarily found in organic compounds?

A

Covalent bonds.

134
Q

Which carbon compound is used as a fuel and is organic? A) Methane B) Calcium carbonate C) Carbon dioxide D) Graphite

A

A) Methane

Naming Organic Compounds (2 decks)

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