Names n relations Flashcards
Cassandra
was a daughter of King Priam and of Queen Hecuba of Troy in Greek mythology.
Apollo gave her the power of prophecy. When she refused him, he spat into her mouth to inflict a curse that nobody would ever believe her
rhetorical device to indicate someone whose accurate prophecies are not believed by those around them
Apollo
Olympian deity, son of Zeus and Let, twin sister, the chaste huntress Artemis
The ideal of the kouros, recognized as a god of music, poetry, truth and prophecy, healing, the sun and light
Hermes created the lyre for him, and the instrument became a common attribute
kouros
a beardless, athletic youth
Artemis
twin sister of Apollo widely venerated of the Ancient Greek goddess
Hellenic goddess of the hunt, wild animals, wilderness, childbirth, virginity and protector of young girls
carrying a bow and arrows. The deer and the cypress were sacred to her
Hermes
emissary and messenger of the gods. Hermes was also “the divine trickster” and “the god of boundaries and the transgression of boundaries, … the patron of herdsmen, thieves, graves, and heralds.
moving freely between the worlds of the mortal and divine
attributes and symbols include the herma, the rooster, the tortoise, satchel or pouch, winged sandals, and winged cap
herma
English ‘herm’, is a sculpture with a head, and perhaps a torso, above a plain, usually squared lower section, on which male genitals may also be carved at the appropriate height
sculpture apotropaic function
Apotropaic magic
Greek apotrepein “to ward off” from apo- “away” and trepein “to turn”) is a type of magic intended to turn away harm or evil influences, as in deflecting misfortune or averting the evil eye
Priam
Príamos, pronounced [prí.amos]) was the legendary king of Troy during the Trojan War. His many children included notable characters like Hector and Paris and Cassandra
Achilles
central character and greatest warrior of Homer’s Iliad.
His mother was the immortal Nereid Thetis
most notable feat during the Trojan War was the slaying of the Trojan hero Hector outside the gates of Troy.
killed near the end of the Trojan War by Paris
Thetis
sea nymph, a goddess of water, or one of the 50 Nereids, daughters of the ancient sea god Nereus
Nereid
are sea nymphs (female spirits of sea waters), the 50 daughters of Nereus and Doris, sisters to Nerites.
They often accompany Poseidon, the god of the sea, and can be friendly and helpful to sailors,
Galatea
Galatea “she who is milk-white”
was a sea-nymph anciently attested in the work of both Homer and Hesiod, where she is described as the fairest and most beloved of the 50 Nereids
nymphs
A nymph in Greek mythology is a minor female nature deity typically associated with a particular location or landform.
Different from other goddesses, nymphs are divine spirits who animate nature, beautiful, young nubile maidens who love to dance and sing;
their amorous freedom sets them apart from the restricted and chaste wives and daughters of the Greek polis.
Agamemnon
In Greek mythology, Agamemnon
the brother of Menelaus,
the husband of Clytemnestra
and the father of Iphigenia, Electra
son of King Atreus and Queen Aerope of Mycenae
Menelaus
was a king of Sparta, the husband of Helen of Troy
central figure in the Trojan War, leading the Spartan contingent of the Greek army, under his elder brother Agamemnon
Helen of troy
married to King Menelaus of Sparta, but was abducted by Prince Paris of Troy
believed to have been the daughter of Zeus and Leda, and was the sister of Clytemnestra, Castor and Polydeuces.
agoge
rigorous education and training program mandated for all male Spartan citizens
military training (e.g., pain tolerance), hunting, dancing, singing, and social
from the ages of seven to twenty-one.
encouraged conformity and the importance of the Spartan state over one’s personal interest and generated the future elites of Sparta.The men would become the “walls of Sparta”
agoge discipline
one item of clothing per year — a red cloak known as a Phoinikis
They also created beds out of reeds pulled by hand, with no knife, from the Eurotas River. Boys were intentionally underfed to encourage them to steal food for themselves; however, they were severely punished for stealing. This was also meant to produce well-built soldiers rather than fat ones. This let the boys become accustomed to hunger, and this prevented hunger from being a problem during battle.
Sparta
was a prominent city-state in ancient Greece. In antiquity the city-state was known as Lakedaímōn
in Peloponnese. Around 650 BC, it rose to become the dominant military land-power in ancient Greece.
Sparta was unique in ancient Greece for its social system and constitution, which configured their entire society to maximize military proficiency at all costs, and completely focused on military training and excellence. Its inhabitants were classified in different
mycenae
Mykēnē is an archaeological site near in north-eastern Peloponnese, peak in 1350 BC, the citadel and lower town had a population of 30,000
Clytemnestra
was the wife of Agamemnon and queen of Mycenae (or sometimes Argos) in ancient Greek legend. In the Oresteia by Aeschylus, she murdered Agamemnon – said by Euripides to be her second husband – and the Trojan princess Cassandra, whom he had taken as war prize following the sack of Troy; however, in Homer’s Odyssey, her role in Agamemnon’s death is unclear and her character is significantly more subdued.
castor and pollux
Their mother was Leda, but they had different fathers; Castor was the mortal son of Tyndareus, the king of Sparta, while Pollux was the divine son of Zeus, who seduced Leda in the guise of a swan.
they are sometimes said to have been born from an egg, along with their twin sisters Helen of Troy and Clytemnestra.
The pair were regarded as the patrons of sailors, to whom they appeared as St. Elmo’s fire.
Iphigenie
was a daughter of King Agamemnon and Queen Clytemnestra, and thus a princess of Mycenae. Agamemnon offends the goddess Artemis, who retaliates by commanding him to kill Iphigenia as a sacrifice so his ships can sail to Troy. In some versions, Iphigenia is sacrificed at Aulis, but in others, Artemis rescues her.[1]
satyr
is a male nature spirit with ears and a tail resembling those of a horse, as well as a permanent, exaggerated erection.
Comically hideous, they have mane-like hair, bestial faces, are always shown naked.
Satyrs were characterized by their ribaldry and were known as lovers of wine, music, dancing, and women. They were companions of the god Dionysus and were believed to inhabit remote locales, such as woodlands, mountains, and pastures.
They often attempted to seduce or rape nymphs and mortal women alike, usually with little success
