Names And Times Flashcards
Petrarch
Father of the Renaissance. Believed in Greek and Roman. Wrote books.
Boccaccio
Writer during Renaissance famous do The Decameron. First entertaining book with fictional plot. First masterpiece of Italy.
Renaissance
1300’s-mid 1600’s
Baldassare Castiglione
Renaissance author of The Courtier. Told men how to act, manners.
Donatello
Sculptor of human body during Renassiance.
Leonardo
Painter and scientist during Renaissance.
Raphael
Master of perspective and ancient styles in art during Renaissance.
Michelangelo.
All around artist that focused on individuals with strength and ambition, during Renaissance.
Reformation
1517 (All saints day of 95 thesis)-1700’s
John Wycliffe
English. Short term cause of Reformation. Wanted simplified doctrines and denied transubstantiation.
Jan Hus.
Bohemian. Short term cause of the Reformation. Priests weren’t holy group, also against transubstantiation.
Martin Luther
Leader of the Reformation. Believed in faith and faith alone. Bible only authority. Believed 2 sacraments were legit. Put 95 thesis on church door. Ended up in exile after Diet of Worms.
Zwingli
Reformation. Believed none of sacraments were legit.
Calvin
Reformation. Predestination, God already knows if a person is going to heaven (The Elect).
Henry VIII
English King in early 1500’s. Split from Roman Catholic Church to get divorced. Strengthened England.
Hundred Years War
When an English King claimed the right to French Throne. Never officially ended because they realized they couldn’t beat French.
Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand of Sicily
Spain in early 1500’s. Marriage caused civil war that was put down. Didn’t unify Spain but made federation. Established Cortes in districts as assembly. Reduced power of clergy and nobility.
Charles V
King of Spain and Holy Roman Emperor during early 1500’s. Peasant uprising during rule because he fought many wars that damaged country and made them lose lots of money.
Elizabeth I
Queen of England from 1558-1625. Skillful queen, Protestant reforms.
James I
Ruler of England in early 1600’s. Divine Right.
Charles I.
Ruler of England 1625-1649. Wanted to be divine right like dad. Antagonized Puritans. Politically inept. Needed money from parliament, not unless signed petition of rights. English civil war. Cavaliers on his side. Crownwell of Roundheads beats him with Model army.
Cromwell
Military Dictator of England during mid 1600’s. Advanced English navy. Model Army. Severe Puritan code. Anglicans saw him as intolerant, and he massacred Catholic Irish. Charles II invited to return from exile to throne by Parliament.
Charles II
Ruler of England during late 1600’s. Parliament passed Test act many anti-Catholic laws, excluded brother James. Whigs (Liberal) and Tories formed, passed acts. Did sign treaty of Dover with France though, threatened to bring back Catholicism.
James II
Ruler of England in late 1600’s. Took throne after brother Charles II died. Very Catholic=bad. Led to Glorious Revolution when parliament offered crown to William Orange (III) and Mary.
William III and Mary.
Late 1600’s co monarchs of England. Signed petition of rights. End of divine kings. Got Scotland too. Toleration act of 1689 have freedom of worship to all but Catholics.
Age of discovery
1415-1650
Prince Henry the Navigator.
Portuguese. Annual explorations.
Bartolomew Diez
Portuguese.First man to sail around cape of good hope.
Vasco de Gama.
Portuguese. Discovered all water route to India by sailing around tip of Africa.
Pedro Cabral
Portuguese. Discovered Brazil. Led to treaty of Tordesillas when Pope Alexandar VI set line of Demarcation for Spain and Portugal.
Christopher Columbus
Spanish. Found Bahamas and named them Indies.
Ferdinand Magellan.
Spanish. Circumnavigated globe.
Cortes
Spanish seeker of wealth and power. Took over Aztec empire.
Francisco Pizarro.
Spanish seeker of wealth and power. Took over Incan empire.
Bartolome de Las Casas
Father of Indians. Advocates for protective laws on natives. Led to African Slave trade.
Ptolemy
Old scientist. Geocentric Theory, earth at center of universe. Crystalline spheres.
Aristotle
Old scientist. Supported Earth at center of universe. Four elements.
Scientific Revolution
1543-1687
Nicholas Copernicus
1473-1543. Heliocentric theory, sun at center of universe. Earth just another planet, condemned by Church, Calvin and Luther.
Tycho Brahe
1546-1601. Danish astronomer. Built observatory. Made mural Quadrant. Bad at math, couldn’t put together info.
Johannes Kepler
1571-1630. German astronomer, Brahe’s assistant. Elliptical not circular orbit. 3 laws of planetary motion.
Galileo Galilei
Florentines astronomer. Not crystal spheres. Forced to recant.
Sir Isaac Newton.
Greatest figure of scientific revolution. Force of gravitation and attraction. Put all ideas together.
William Harvey
English physician. Motion of Heart and Blood of Animals. Reproduction.
Francis Bacon
English. Scientific Method.
Rene’s Descartes.
Only men have mind.
Thomas Hobbes
Mid 1600’s, from ideas of Scientific Revolution. Famous empiricist (general knowledge). Leviathan. Social contract. Give rights to monarchy in order to keep out natural rights.
John Locke
Late 1600’s, from ideas of Scientific Revolution. Famous empiricist. Constitutional. Life, liberty, and property. Government protects people’s rights. If it fails, right to rebel.
Shakespeare
1500’s. Playwriter during scientific revolution.
Louis XIV
1643-1715.Sun King of France. Absolute divine right monarch. Built Palace of Versailles, strain on economy. Had Colbert as financial advisor. Costly war of Spanish succession.
Leopold I, Charles VI, Maria Theresa
Late 1600’s and 1700’s absolutist leaders of Austria under Hagsburgs.
Frederick II
Late 1700’s Prussia. Absolutist Enlightened despot. Militaristic stage. Introduced potatoes. Granted religious toleration. Made jobs merit basest
Peter the Great
Late 1600’s Absolutist enlightened despot of Russia. Westernized. Wanted warm water ports. Gets azov from ottomans, good Russian navy. Went undercover in west. Started cultural revolution. Great northern war, Russia vs Sweden. Russian empire that lasts until 1917.
Charles XIII
Absolutist kid of Sweden during early 1700’s. Great northern war, went too far.
Sir Robert Walpole
Early 1700’s, considered first English Prime minister. During Hanover’s Georges. Handled financial crash well. Kept England at peace.
Seven Years War
Mid 1700’s. Realigned alliances. Austria with France and Russia. England and Prussia. Prussia still getting crushed. Finally work it out at Peace of Hubertusburg. France and England fighting for land in North America, England gets Canada.
Thirty Years War
Early 1600’s in respond to reformation. BDSF, Catholic France against Catholic Hagsburgs! Hagsburgs ended up losing lots of territory to independence. Last of major religious wars and end of reformation.
Wars of religion in France
Late 1500’s. Huguenots-Calvinists. Catherine de Medici ruled France under her sons. She initiated the st. Bartholomews day massacre, Catholics killed Protestants. Then Henry Navarre of converted to Catholicism. Edict of mates gave some religious rights. House of bourbon.
Industrial revolution
1730-1815
Adam Smith
Late 1700’s Scottish philosopher. Economist, laissez faire. Invisible hand, everyone follows own interests.