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1
Q
  1. Carolus Linnaeus
A
  • Binomial Nomenclature
  • Mangifera indica Linn.
  • Systema Naturae
  • 2 Kingdom Classification
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2
Q
  1. Aristotle:
A
  • classify plants into trees, shrubs and herbs
  • divided animals into two groups, those which had red blood and those that did not
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3
Q
  1. R H Whittaker
A
  • 5 Kingdom Classification
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4
Q
  1. Dmitri Ivanowsky
A
  • mosaic disease of tobacco
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5
Q
  1. M.W. Beijerinek:
A
  • named the new pathogen “virus”
  • called the fluid as Contagium vivum fluidum (infectious living fluid).
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6
Q
  1. W.M. Stanley
A
  • showed that viruses could be crystallised and crystals consist largely of proteins
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7
Q
  1. T.O. Diener
A
  • Viroids
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8
Q
  1. Matthias Schleiden
A
  • Plant Cell
  • Cell Theory
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9
Q
  1. Theodore Schwann
A
  • Animal Cell
  • Plasma Membrane
  • Cell Theory
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10
Q
  1. Rudolf Virchow:
A
  • (Omnis cellula-e cellula)
  • Cell Theory
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11
Q
  1. Singer and Nicolson
A
  • Fluid mosaic model
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12
Q
  1. George Palade
A
  • Ribosomes
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13
Q
  1. Robert Brown:
A
  • Nucleus
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14
Q
  1. Flemming
A
  • Chromatin
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15
Q
  1. Joseph Priestly:
A
  • Plants restore to the air whatever breathing animals and burning candles remove.
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16
Q
  1. Jan Ingenhousz
A
  • showed that sunlight is essential to the plant process
  • only the green part of the plants that could release oxygen
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17
Q
  1. Julius von Sachs
A
  • provided evidence for production of glucose when plants grow
  • chloroplasts
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18
Q
  1. T.W Engelmann
A
  • A first action spectrum of photosynthesis.
  • He observed that the bacteria accumulated mainly in the region of blue and red light of the split spectrum
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19
Q
  1. Cornelius van Niel:
A
  • photosynthesis is essentially a light-dependent reaction
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20
Q
  1. Blackman:
A
  • Law of Limiting Factors
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21
Q
  1. Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and J. Parnas:
A
  • Glycolysis
  • EMP Pathway
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22
Q
  1. Charles Darwin and Francis Darwin:
A
  • Phototropism of coleoptiles of canary grass
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23
Q
  1. F.W. Went:
A
  • Auxin was isolated from tips of coleoptiles of oat seedlings
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24
Q
  1. E. Kurosawa:
A
  • gibberellic acid
  • ‘bakanae’ (foolish seedling) disease of rice seedlings was caused by a fungal pathogen Gibberella fujikuroi
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25
25. F. Skoog:
* Kinetin * segments of tobacco stems
26
26. H.H. Cousins:
* Ethylene * ripened oranges that hastened the ripening of stored unripened bananas.
27
Mendel
Laws of Inheritance
28
de Vries, Correns and von Tschermak
independently rediscovered Mendel’s results on the inheritance of characters
29
Walter Sutton and Theodore Boveri
argued that the pairing and separation of a pair of chromosomes would lead to the segregation of a pair of factors they carried.
30
Walter Sutton
chromosomal theory of inheritance
31
Thomas Hunt Morgan
* experimental verification of the chromosomal theory of inheritance * linkage and recombination
32
Alfred Sturtevant
used the frequency of recombination between gene pairs on the same chromosome as a measure of the distance between genes and ‘mapped’ their position on the chromosome
33
Henking
X Body or x chromosome
34
Friedrich Meischer
first identified DNA as an acidic substance present in nucleus
35
Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin
X-ray diffraction data
36
James Watson and Francis Crick
Double Helix model for the structure of DNA
37
Erwin Chargaff
the ratios between Adenine and Thymine and Guanine and Cytosine are constant and equals one.
38
Francis Crick
the Central dogma in molecular biology postulated the presence of an adapter molecule
39
Frederick Griffith
Streptococcus pneumoniae; transforming principle
40
Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod and Maclyn McCarty
Biochemical nature or characterisation of transforming principle
41
Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase
The unequivocal proof that DNA is the genetic material came
42
Matthew Meselson and Franklin Stahl
E. coli; the DNA in chromosomes also replicate semiconservatively.
43
George Gamow
He suggested that in order to code for all the 20 amino acids, the code should be made up of three nucleotides
44
Har Gobind Khorana
synthesising RNA molecules with defined combinations of bases (homopolymers and copolymers)
45
Marshall Nirenberg
cell-free system for protein synthesis finally helped the code to be deciphered
46
Francois Jacob and Jacque Monod
lac operon
47
Frederick Sanger
He developed a method in which the DNA fragments were sequenced using automated DNA sequencers that worked on the principle of that method Sanger is also credited for developing method for determination of amino acid sequences in proteins
48
Alec Jeffreys
The technique of DNA Fingerprinting
49
Oparin and Haldane
proposed that the first form of life could have come from pre-existing non-living organic molecules
50
Charles Darwin
concluded that existing living forms share similarities to varying degrees not only among themselves but also with life forms that existed millions of years ago Natural selection Branching descent
51
Alfred Wallace
Natural selection similar to darwin
52
53
54
Ernst Heckel
Embryological support for evolution
54
Karl Ernst von Baer
Disproved Embryological support for evolution. He noted that embryos never pass through the adult stages of other animals.
55
Lamarck
Even before Darwin, said that evolution of life forms had occurred but driven by use and disuse of organs
56
Thomas Malthus
work on population
57
Hugo deVries
brought forth the idea of mutations – large difference arising suddenly in a population
58
Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer
The construction of the first recombinant DNA
59

Biology (7 decks)

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