NAMES Flashcards
“Mystical Doctor” of the Roman Catholic Church.
John I of the Cross
Jesuit missionary to China. Believed the Confucian Supreme One was also the threefold God of Christianity.
Matteo Ricci
French philosopher. To find a firm basis for thought, he decided to doubt everything. He concluded that everything could be doubted except his own existence (hence his famous maxim, “I think, therefore I am”). He reasoned all other truths from that basis.
Rene Descartes
French scientist and Catholic thinker. Supported Jansenism. Fragments of his defense of Christian faith were published after his death as Pensees.
Blaise Pascal
Bohemian educator. For him, the final goal of education was not simply gaining information, but developing Christian character.
Johannes Amos Comenius
English Christian poet. Argued for the separation of church and state. Wrote Paradise Lost.
John Milton
Latina nun and Catholic theologian. Her bishop disallowed her studies, but she kept studying until a mystic experience fulfilled her longings.
Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz
Portuguese priest. Worked to convert and protect Native Americans. Clashed with Sor Juana over theological issues.
Antonio Vieyra
Upheld religious liberty in his booklet The Bloody Tenent of Persecution. Founded Providence, Rhode Island, after being expelled from Massachusetts.
Roger Williams
Founder of Friends Society. Fox removed all human elements, including baptism and communion, from worship, because he believed God guides Christians through an “inner
light.” The Friends were harshly persecuted for their beliefs. One Friend told a judge he should “quake” before God’s wrath. So, the Friends also became known as “Quakers.”
George Fox
Leader of the Friends Society. In 1666, wrote Women’s Speaking Justified by the Scriptures, a defense of women preaching.
Margaret Fell
Wealthy Pietist leader. Sheltered the Moravian Brethren and founded Herrnhut, a Moravian community.
Nikolaus Zinzendorf
Founder of the Methodist movement. Emphasized the pursuit of holiness and the achievement of “Christian perfection.”
John Wesley
Methodist circuit-riding preacher. He and Thomas Coke were the first Methodist superintendents in America.
Francis Asbury
German thinker. Taught that all ideas (theses), opposing opinions (antitheses), and debates (dialectics) are part of an upward process of intellectual evolution.
G.W.F. Hegel
Danish thinker. Emphasized subjectively experiencing God’s revelation. Criticized coupling Christianity with any nation or culture.
Soren Kierkegaard
Leader of the Plymouth Brethren, a Christian sect that stressed piety and simplicity. Taught a dispensational view of Scripture.
J. Nelson Darby
Liberal philosopher and poet. Taught that “the highest revelation is that God is in every man.”
Ralph Waldo Emerson
Plymouth Brethren pastor and English social reformer. Founded orphanages that relied on Christians’ gifts for support.
George Mueller
As a Baptist pastor in a New York slum, Rauschenbusch struggled to deal with social evils. He became the foremost proponent of the Social Gospel.
Walter Rauschenbusch
American lawyer. Wrote the study notes in the Scofield Reference Bible, which popularized dispensationalism among conservative Christians.
Cyrus I. Scofield
Holiness preacher. Taught that speaking in “unknown tongues” was the sign of the “second blessing.” One of his students was William Seymour.
Charles Fox Parham
Controversial Catholic theologian and scientist. Taught that all life is
a process that will eventually be drawn into God’s being. For Teilhard, God is both the goal of this process and the power within the process. Teilhard influenced the beliefs that became known as “process theology.”
Teilhard de Chardin
Theologian, musician, and missionary doctor. Schweitzer criticized the “quest for the historical Jesus.” At the same time, he argued that Jesus mistakenly expected the immediate end of the world.
Albert Schweitzer
