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Behavioural Neuroscience > Names > Flashcards

Names Flashcards

1
Q

Amygdala activation to emotive faces and pictures

A

Hariri et al 2002

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2
Q

Amygdala activates greater to unpredictable sounds

A

Herry et al 2007

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3
Q

VMPFC activates during conscious emotion regulation

A

Yang et al 2020

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4
Q

VMPFC activates when updating safety threats

A

Etkin et al 2011

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5
Q

VMPFC damage causes an hyperactive amygdala

A

Matzin et al 2015

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6
Q

Low serotonin in the VMPFC causes impulsivity and aggression

A

Frankle et al 2005

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7
Q

Similar seen in monkeys, risk taking behaviour could result in death

A

Higley et al 1996

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8
Q

Newborns imitate the faces of others

A

Field et al

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9
Q

Similar facial expressions in blind and seeing athletes

A

Willingham et al 2009

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10
Q

Same facial expressions across cultures

A

Ekmen and Friesen 1971

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11
Q

Facial expressions learnt through observation

A

Olsson and Phelps 2007

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12
Q

Infants cry less in front of peers than caregivers

A

Zemen and Garber 1996

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13
Q

Different cultures express negative emotions less than others

A

Friesen 1972

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14
Q

Emotion starts on the left hand side

A

Sackheim and Gur 1978

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15
Q

Amygdala matures quicker than the VMPFC

A

Gogtay et al 2004

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16
Q

White matter thins between the Amygdala and VMPFC with age

A

Westlye et al 2010

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17
Q

Microexpressions

A

Ekmen 1985

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18
Q

Measure microexpressions via electromyography

A

Cacioppo et al 1986

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19
Q

Amygdala activates most to negative, ambiguous then positive surprise

A

Kim et al

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20
Q

Feel emotions easier if muscles are engaged

A

Rutlidge and Hupke 1985

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21
Q

Feel emotion easier if irrelevant muscles are disengaged

A

Lewis and Bowler 2009

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22
Q

Lesions to the Amygdala mean you can give facial expressions but not recognise them

A

Adolphs et al 2004

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23
Q

Focus on different areas on the face

A

Spezzio et al 2007

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24
Q

Right Frontal Cortex = emotion in voice
Both Frontal Cortex = word meaning

A

George et al 1996

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25
Q

Auditory and Parietal cortex are activated when listening to emotive music

A

Koelsch et al 2018

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26
Q

If emotion is unknown, give the emotion which is stronger on the left

A

Strauss and Moscovitch et al 1981

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27
Q

Unilateral damage to the visual cortex of the brain still allows participants to give the correct expression on the blind side

A

Tamietto et al 2009

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28
Q

High concordance rate of Epilepsy

A

Berkovic et al 1998

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29
Q

Spatial orientation is lower in AD patients

A

Monacelli et al 2003

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30
Q

More atrophy in hippocampus parietal lobe in AD patients

A

Delpolyi et al 2007

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31
Q

AD = errors in scenes
D = errors in faces

A

Lee et al 2006

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32
Q

Drugs decreasing Amyloid B reduces the risk of Dementia

A

Van Dyck et al 2023

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33
Q

S struggles to reverse learn

A

Waltz and Gold 2007

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34
Q

33.4% CR for schizophrenia if both parents had it, 66.1% if Schizoid Personality was accounted for

A

Heston 1970

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35
Q

Season of birth, higher likelihood in Feb-May

A

Kendell and Adams

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36
Q

21% experienced the Flu vs 9% in controls

A

Brown et al 2004

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37
Q

0.4% incidence rate

A

Sana et al

38
Q

Correlation for season of birth

A

Takei et al 1996

39
Q

Cannabis has strong links to first psychosis episode

A

Barrett et al 2007

40
Q

Causal link to cannabis. Heaviest users = 4 fold increase

A

Marconi et al 2016

41
Q

Higher response to dopamine agonists

A

Laurelle et al 1996

42
Q

Less dopamine in the dorsolateral PFC causes hypofrontalility

A

MacDonald et al 2005

43
Q

D = 94/1000
BP = 6/1000

A

Weissman et al 1996

44
Q

D = 44.1 v 20.2
BP = 40 v 5.4

A

McGuffin et al 2003

45
Q

Evidence for tryptophan depletion

A

Delgado et al 1990

46
Q

Hallucinations = 70% Auditory, 25% visual, 10% other

A

Mueser et al 1990

47
Q

Mutation of DISC1 for S, links to mitochondria

A

Wang et al 2010

48
Q

Living in the city increases risk of S

A

Pedersen et al 2001

49
Q

Living with maternal smoking increases risk of S

A

Zammit et al 2009

50
Q

Lithium can stop manic phases

A

Gerbino et al 1978

51
Q

9% of the close family members had Panic Disorder vs 3% of controls

A

Fyer et al 1996

52
Q

PD risk increases 4-5 times if diagnosis is in the family

A

Hatoyama et al 2001

53
Q

Harder to extinguish a phobic response than a neutral one

A

Ohman et al 1975

54
Q

PD patients reported more feelings of panic in carbon dioxide challenges

A

Rapee et al 1992

55
Q

fMRI found more right amygdala activation

A

Phelps et al 2004

56
Q

BDNF variation

A

Soliman et al 2010

57
Q

Rats like electrical brain stimulation

A

Ols and Milner 1954

58
Q

Ventral Segmental Area -> Mesolimbic pathway -> nucleus acumbens

A

Wise 1996

59
Q

Haloperidol (dopamine antagonist) reduces the reward of smoking

A

Brauer et al 1981

60
Q

Nicotine and 2nd stimulant = full control

A

Goldberg et al 1981

61
Q

Alcohol prefering rats startle easier, but this is neutralised by supplying alcohol

A

Jones et al 2000

62
Q

Injecting 2DG into the heptic portal system increases food intake and decreases time between wanting and eating food

A

Vanderweele and Rezel

63
Q

Less anti-inflamatory bacteria in Depressed patients

A

Nikolova 2021

64
Q

Able to predict flashes of light when shown a visual cue

A

Glautier et al 2013

65
Q

HM could be conditioned

A

Woodruf-Pak

66
Q

Conditioned response and learning can be suppressed by putting a cold probe into the cerebellum

A

Clarke and Squire 1992

67
Q

Demonstrated associative learning in dogs

A

Rescorla 1966

68
Q

Sleep = synchronised, long waves
Awake = desynchronied, small and chaotic waves

A

Guillaume et al 2022

69
Q

Sleep spindles occur in stage 1-4 to help disconnect the brain

A

Steriade 1992

70
Q

K Complexes occur only in Stage 2, triggered by sound

A

Niiyama et al 1996

71
Q

Number of spindles and K cortexes links to consolidation of memory

A

Fogel and Smith 2011

72
Q

Possible mechanism of neural inhibition

A

Cash 2009

73
Q

PFC activates more in Lucid Dreaming

A

Voss et al 2014

74
Q

Sleep deprivation = harder to do tasks which require attention and vigilance

A

Lim and Dinges 2010

75
Q

Inflammation and Oxidative stress

A

Xie et al 2013

76
Q

Naps helped remember declarative tasks

A

Tucker et al 2006

77
Q

SWS and REM helped non-declarative tasks memory

A

Mednick et al 2003

78
Q

Staying awake decrease glycogen and increases adenosine

A

Kang et al 2002

79
Q

Adenosine = cognitive deficits? Sleep deprivation and symptoms of caffeine blocks

A

Basheer et al 2004

80
Q

Mice with lower adenosine slept less SWS

A

Halassa et al 2009

81
Q

Recessive genes for slower breakdown of adenosine causes more SWS

A

Retey et al 2005

82
Q

Acetylcholine causes arousal, increase in REM

A

Steriade 1996

83
Q

Sleep and wakefulness are connected with inhibitory GABA

A

Saper 2001

84
Q

Orexin helps flip flop between awake and sleep, hunger activates it

A

Sakurai et al 2007

85
Q

CBT for insomnia

A

Uyumaz et al 2021

86
Q

Narcolepsy patients have shorter and more fragmented sleep

A

Rogers et al 1994

87
Q

Ritalin is a cateanolamine agonist for Narcolepsy

A

Ygontzas and Kales 1999

88
Q

Modafil for Narcolepsy

A

Niskino 2007

89
Q

Two Process Model
- Sleep pressure and Circodian

A

Borbely 1980s

90
Q

Depression = insomnia, low Circodian Melatonin, low Frontal Cortex, Mood deficits

A

Chellappa et al 2018

91
Q

Sleep loss amplifies activity in the Limbic System and decreases activity in the PFC for aversive stimuli

A

Simons et al 2020

Behavioural Neuroscience (1 decks)

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