Name the mechanism and/or the reagents - Aliphatic Flashcards by Michael Donnelly

Q

A

Addition (followed by hydrolysis)

H₂SO₄ and then water and warm

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Q

A

Reduction

LiAlH₄ in dry ether

OR

H₂(g) Ni Catalyst

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Q

A

H₂(g) Nickel catalyst 150°C 5atm pressure

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Q

A

nucleophilic addition

acidified KCN(aq)

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Q

A

Free radical substitution

Cl₂ and UV

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Q

A

nucleophilic addition

acidified KCN(aq)

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Q

A

Oxidation

acidified K₂Cr₂O₇ and reflux

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Q

A

Elimination

Hot concentrated KOH in ethanol

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Q

Protein → amino acids

A

Hydrolysis

Heat with 6 M hydrochloric acid for about 24 hours at 110°C.

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Q

A

nucleophilic substitutuion

Warm KOH(aq)

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Q

A

Polymerisation

Lots of condition!

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Q

A

Elimination (sometimes called dehydration)

H₂SO₄ Catalyst 180°C

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Q

How do you make biodiesel from an oil or fat?

A

methanol and NaOH catalyst

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Q

A

hydrolysis

reflux with H₂SO₄ catalyst

also makes acid as product

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Q

A

Electrophilic addition

H₂SO₄ then H₂O and warm

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Q

A

Esterification

conc sulphuric acid catalyst with CH₃CH₂CH₂OH

Note: has to be the exact structure rather than C₃H₇OH

Q

A

Elimination

hot, concentrated KOH in ethanol

Q

A

Nucleophilic substitution

excess ammonia

Remember: further substitutions possible so to make primary amine ammonia must be in excess!

Q

A

Hydrolysis

Reflux with H⁺

Note: also produces the alcohol

Q

A

esterification

add CH₃CH₂COOH and conc H₂SO₄ catalyst

Note: got to be unambiguous structure for acid

Q

A

Nucleophilic substitution

NaOH(aq) reflux

Q

A

Nucleophilic substitution

ammonia, Excess haloalkane

Remember that primary, secondary and teritary amines are also formed!

Q

A

Elimination (dehydration)

reflux with concentrated H₂SO₄

Note you can also use conc phosphoric acid H₃PO₄

Q

A

Oxidation

acidified K₂Cr₂O₇and reflux

Electrophilic Addition HCl (aq)

Cracking heat and zeolite catalyst (or porous pot catalyst in the lab)

Reduction NaBH₄ and reflux OR LiAlH₄ in dry ether and reflux

Oxidation acidified K₂Cr₂O₇ and reflux

ester hydrolysis (sometimes saponification) reflux with NaOH(aq)

Nucleophilic Addition-Elimination Add water Note: lots of thick white fumes of HCl, very fast reaction!

Nucleophilic addition-elimination Add NH₃

Acid hydrolysis reflux with a dilute acid, e.g. HCl (aq)

Oxidation acidified K₂Cr₂O₇ and distill

Nucleophilic substitution KCN in ethanol, reflux

Addition (followed by hydrolysis) H₂SO₄ and then water and warm

Reduction NaBH₄

Nucleophilic Addition-Elimination add CH₃CH₂CH₂OH

electrophilic addition HCl (aq)

Nucleophilic Addition-elimination CH₃CH₂CH₂NH₂ in this case Note: spotting the right amine will make the formation of the amide slightly trickier