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AQA Chemistry Year 2 > Name the mechanism and/or the reagents - Aliphatic > Flashcards

Name the mechanism and/or the reagents - Aliphatic Flashcards

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1
Q
A

Addition (followed by hydrolysis)

H2SO4 and then water and warm

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2
Q
A

Reduction

LiAlH4 in dry ether

OR

H2(g) Ni Catalyst

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2
Q
A

H2(g) Nickel catalyst 150°C 5atm pressure

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2
Q
A

nucleophilic addition

acidified KCN(aq)

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3
Q
A

Free radical substitution

Cl2 and UV

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3
Q
A

nucleophilic addition

acidified KCN(aq)

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4
Q
A

Oxidation

acidified K2Cr2O7 and reflux

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5
Q
A

Elimination

Hot concentrated KOH in ethanol

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5
Q

Protein → amino acids

A

Hydrolysis

Heat with 6 M hydrochloric acid for about 24 hours at 110°C.

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5
Q
A

nucleophilic substitutuion

Warm KOH(aq)

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6
Q
A

Polymerisation

Lots of condition!

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7
Q
A

Elimination (sometimes called dehydration)

H2SO4 Catalyst 180°C

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8
Q

How do you make biodiesel from an oil or fat?

A

methanol and NaOH catalyst

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9
Q
A

hydrolysis

reflux with H2SO4 catalyst

also makes acid as product

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9
Q
A

Electrophilic addition

H2SO4 then H2O and warm

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10
Q
A

Esterification

conc sulphuric acid catalyst with CH3CH2CH2OH

Note: has to be the exact structure rather than C3H7OH

11
Q
A

Elimination

hot, concentrated KOH in ethanol

13
Q
A

Nucleophilic substitution

excess ammonia

Remember: further substitutions possible so to make primary amine ammonia must be in excess!

14
Q
A

Hydrolysis

Reflux with H+

Note: also produces the alcohol

15
Q
A

esterification

add CH3CH2COOH and conc H2SO4 catalyst

Note: got to be unambiguous structure for acid

16
Q
A

Nucleophilic substitution

NaOH(aq) reflux

17
Q
A

Nucleophilic substitution

ammonia, Excess haloalkane

Remember that primary, secondary and teritary amines are also formed!

17
Q
A

Elimination (dehydration)

reflux with concentrated H2SO4

Note you can also use conc phosphoric acid H3PO4

19
Q
A

Oxidation

acidified K2Cr2O7 and reflux

21
Q
A

Electrophilic Addition

HCl (aq)

23
Q
A

Cracking

heat and zeolite catalyst (or porous pot catalyst in the lab)

24
Q
A

Reduction

NaBH4 and reflux

OR

LiAlH4 in dry ether and reflux

26
Q
A

Oxidation

acidified K2Cr2O7 and reflux

27
Q
A

ester hydrolysis (sometimes saponification)

reflux with NaOH(aq)

29
Q
A

Nucleophilic Addition-Elimination

Add water

Note: lots of thick white fumes of HCl, very fast reaction!

30
Q
A

Nucleophilic addition-elimination

Add NH3

30
Q
A

Acid hydrolysis

reflux with a dilute acid, e.g. HCl (aq)

31
Q
A

Oxidation

acidified K2Cr2O7 and distill

33
Q
A

Nucleophilic substitution

KCN in ethanol, reflux

34
Q
A

Addition (followed by hydrolysis)

H2SO4 and then water and warm

36
Q
A

Reduction

NaBH4

37
Q
A

Nucleophilic Addition-Elimination

add CH3CH2CH2OH

38
Q
A

electrophilic addition

HCl (aq)

39
Q
A

Nucleophilic Addition-elimination

CH3CH2CH2NH2 in this case

Note: spotting the right amine will make the formation of the amide slightly trickier

AQA Chemistry Year 2 (4 decks)

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