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AEMT/PARAMEDIC DRUG CARDS > name, mechanism of action and indication > Flashcards

name, mechanism of action and indication Flashcards

1
Q

Ketorolac (Tordol)

A

Drug Class: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)
Mechanism of Action: Inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2), reducing prostaglandin synthesis and providing anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic effects.
Indications: Short-term management of moderate to severe pain.

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2
Q

Acetaminophen (Tylenol)

A
  • Indications: Fever
  • NSAID
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3
Q

Morphine Sulfate (Morphine)

A
  • Narcotic Analgesic
  • CNS depressant and analgesic
  • Indications: severe pain
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4
Q

Hydromorphone (Dilaudid)

A
  • Narcotic analgesic that has longer lasting effects when compared to morphine
  • Hemodynamic properties – increases the peripheral venous capacitance and decreases venous return and myocardial oxygen demand
  • Indications: severe pain
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5
Q

Meperidine (Demerol)

A
  • Narcotic analgesic that has shorter lasting effects when compared to morphine, can create dysphoria and can cause liver damage
  • Schedule II controlled substance
  • Indications: severe pain
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6
Q

Fentanyl Citrate (Sublimaze)

A
  • Narcotic Analgesic
  • Unrelated to morphine but 50-100 times more potent. Duration of action is shorter than other narcotics
  • Indications: Pain, RSI Intubation
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7
Q

Diazepam (Valium)

A
  • Indications: Major motor seizures, status epilepticus, premedication before cardioversion, skeletal muscle relaxant, and acute anxiety states.
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8
Q

Lorazepam (Ativan)

A
  • Indications: Major motor seizures, status epilepticus, premedication before cardioversion, skeletal muscle relaxant, and acute anxiety states.
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9
Q

Midazolam (Versed)

A
  • Indications: anticonvulsant.
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10
Q

Glucagon

A

Drug Class: Hyperglycemic agent
Mechanism of Action: Stimulates hepatic production of glucose from glycogen stores (glycogenolysis).
Indications: Severe hypoglycemia, beta-blocker overdose.

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11
Q

Dextrose (D50, D25, D10

A
  • Indications: Hypoglycemia and coma of unknown origin.
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12
Q

Naloxone (Narcan)

A
  • Indications: respiratory depression with a high index of suspicion of a narcotic overdose
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13
Q

Duo Dote Auto-injector

A
  • Indications: Organophosphate or Nerve Agent Poisoning
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14
Q

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

A
  • : Allergic reactions and anaphylaxis (secondary treatment)
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15
Q

Aspirin

A
  • Indications: Chest Pain that is likely cardiac-related
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16
Q

Tranexamic Acid (TXA)

A

Drug Class: Antifibrinolytic
Mechanism of Action: Inhibits the activation of plasminogen to plasmin, preventing the breakdown of fibrin clots.
Indications: Control of bleeding in hemophilia, reduction of heavy menstrual bleeding, trauma-associated hemorrhage, surgical bleeding.

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17
Q

Nitroglycerin

A
  • Indications: Chest pain associated with ACS or acute pulmonary edema
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18
Q

Epinephrine (Injectable)

A
  • Indications: hypotension, primary treatment for allergic reactions/anaphylaxis, cardiac arrest, severe asthma, persistent and symptomatic bradycardia
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19
Q

Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol)

A
  • Indications: second/tertiary treatment for severe anaphylaxis, asthma, COPD and urticaria
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20
Q

Albuterol

A
  • Indications: Bronchial asthma and reversible bronchospasm associated with chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
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21
Q

Dexamethasone (Decadron)

A

Drug Class: Corticosteroid
Mechanism of Action: Suppresses inflammation and immune responses; has potent glucocorticoid effects.
Indications: Severe allergic reactions, asthma, croup, cerebral edema, inflammation.

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22
Q

Racemic Epinephrine

A

Drug Class: Sympathomimetic, bronchodilator
Mechanism of Action: Stimulates alpha and beta-adrenergic receptors, reducing airway
resistance and edema.
indications: Croup, bronchospasm.

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23
Q

Ipratropium (Atrovent)

A

Drug Class: Anticholinergic
Mechanism of Action: Inhibits the action of acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors in bronchial smooth muscle, causing bronchodilation.
Indications: Maintenance treatment of bronchospasm associated with COPD, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema; asthma exacerbations.

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24
Q

Ondansetron (Zofran)

A
  • Indications: Nausea/Vomiting
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25
Q

Phenytoin ( Dilantin)

A

Drug Class: Anticonvulsant

Mechanism of Action: Stabilizes neuronal membranes and decreases seizure activity by increasing efflux or decreasing influx of sodium ions across cell membranes.

Indications: Seizure disorders, status epilepticus.

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26
Q

Fosphenytoin( Cerebyx)

A

Drug Class: Anticonvulsant
Mechanism of Action: Prodrug of phenytoin, converted to phenytoin in the body.
Indications: Status epilepticus, seizure prevention during neurosurgery.

27
Q

Phenobarbital (Luminal)

A

Drug Class: Barbiturate
Mechanism of Action: Enhances the effect of GABA by increasing the duration of chloride channel opening.
Indications: Seizure disorders, status epilepticus, sedation.

28
Q

Insulin (Humulin, Novolin)

A

Drug Class: Antidiabetic agent
Mechanism of Action: Lowers blood glucose by stimulating glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and fat and inhibiting hepatic glucose production.
Indications: Diabetes mellitus (Type 1 and Type 2), hyperkalemia (adjunct), diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).

29
Q

Dextrose (D50, D25, D10)

A

Drug Class: Carbohydrate
Mechanism of Action: Rapidly increases serum glucose levels.
Indications: Hypoglycemia.

30
Q

Thiamine

A

Drug Class: Vitamin
Mechanism of Action: Essential coenzyme in carbohydrate metabolism.
Indications: Thiamine deficiency, Wernicke’s encephalopathy.

31
Q

. Hydrocortisone (Solu-Cortef)

A

Drug Class: Corticosteroid
Mechanism of Action: Decreases inflammation by suppressing migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and reversing increased capillary permeability.
Indications: Adrenal insufficiency, severe allergic reactions, asthma, septic shock

32
Q

Nitrous Oxide

A

Drug Class: Anesthetic gas
Mechanism of Action: Produces analgesia and sedation by depressing the central nervous system.
Indications: Pain management, procedural sedation.

33
Q

Ketamine

A
  • Drug Class: Dissociative anesthetic
  • Mechanism of Action: Blocks NMDA receptors, providing anesthesia and analgesia while preserving airway reflexes and spontaneous breathing.
  • Indications: Induction and maintenance of anesthesia, procedural sedation, pain management, status asthmaticus.
34
Q

Etomidate

A

Drug Class: General anesthetic
Mechanism of Action: Enhances GABA receptor activity, inducing sedation and anesthesia.
Indications: Induction of general anesthesia, procedural sedation

35
Q

Propofol

A

Drug Class: General anesthetic

Mechanism of Action: Positive modulation of the inhibitory function of the neurotransmitter GABA through GABAA receptors.

Indications: Induction and maintenance of anesthesia, procedural sedation, sedation for mechanically ventilated patients.

36
Q

Dexmedetomidine

A

Drug Class: Alpha-2 adrenergic agonist
Mechanism of Action: Activates alpha-2 adrenergic receptors in the brainstem, inhibiting the release of norepinephrine and providing sedation, analgesia, and anxiolysis.
Indications: Sedation of initially intubated and mechanically ventilated patients, procedural sedation.

37
Q

Terbutaline

A

Drug Class: Beta-2 adrenergic agonist
Mechanism of Action: Stimulates beta-2 adrenergic receptors, causing bronchodilation and relaxation of uterine smooth muscle.
Indications: Bronchospasm in asthma and COPD, preterm labor.

38
Q

Nebulized Atropine

A

Drug Class: Anticholinergic
Mechanism of Action: Inhibits the action of acetylcholine at parasympathetic sites in bronchial smooth muscle, causing bronchodilation.
Indications: Reversal of bronchospasm in asthma or COPD.

39
Q

Magnesium Sulfate

A

Drug Class: Electrolyte, anticonvulsant
Mechanism of Action: Reduces muscle contractions by interfering with the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction; stabilizes cardiac cells.
Indications: Torsades de pointes, eclampsia, severe asthma exacerbations, hypomagnesemia.

40
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Drug Class: Sympathomimetic, vasopressor
Mechanism of Action: Stimulates alpha and beta-1 adrenergic receptors, causing vasoconstriction and increased cardiac output.
Indications: Acute hypotensive states, cardiac arrest.

41
Q

Dopamine

A

Drug Class: Sympathomimetic, vasopressor, inotrope
Mechanism of Action: Stimulates dopaminergic, beta-1, and alpha adrenergic receptors, increasing cardiac output and blood pressure.
Indications: Shock, congestive heart failure, hypotension not resulting from hypovolemia.

42
Q

Dobutamine

A

Drug Class: Sympathomimetic, inotrope
Mechanism of Action: Stimulates beta-1 adrenergic receptors, increasing cardiac output without significantly increasing heart rate.
Indications: Acute heart failure, cardiogenic shock.

43
Q

Vasopressin

A

Drug Class: Antidiuretic hormone, vasopressor
Mechanism of Action: Stimulates V1 receptors in vascular smooth muscle, causing vasoconstriction.
Indications: Diabetes insipidus, vasodilatory shock.

44
Q

Propranolol

A

Drug Class: Beta-blocker (non-selective)
Mechanism of Action: Blocks beta-1 and beta-2 adrenergic receptors, reducing heart rate, myocardial contractility, and blood pressure.
Indications: Hypertension, angina, arrhythmias, migraine prophylaxis, tremors.

45
Q

Metoprolol

A

Drug Class: Beta-blocker (beta-1 selective)
Mechanism of Action: Selectively blocks beta-1 adrenergic receptors, reducing heart rate, myocardial contractility, and blood pressure.
Indications: Hypertension, angina, acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, tachyarrhythmias.

46
Q

Lidocaine

A

Drug Class: Antiarrhythmic (class 1B), local anesthetic
Mechanism of Action: Suppresses automaticity and spontaneous depolarization of the ventricles during diastole by altering sodium ion flux across cell membranes. Indications: Ventricular arrhythmias, local anesthesia.

47
Q

Procainamide

A

Drug Class: Antiarrhythmic (class 1A)
Mechanism of Action: Blocks sodium channels, reducing automaticity and prolonging the refractory period of the atria, ventricles, and Purkinje fibers.
Indications: Ventricular arrhythmias, atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular rate in WPW syndrome.

48
Q

Verapamil

A

Drug Class: Calcium channel blocker
Mechanism of Action: Inhibits calcium ion influx into vascular smooth muscle and myocardium, decreasing myocardial contractility and oxygen demand, and dilating coronary arteries.
Indications: PSVT, atrial fibrillation/flutter with rapid ventricular rate, hypertension, angina.

49
Q

Adenosine

A

Drug Class: Antiarrhythmic
Mechanism of Action: Slows conduction through the AV node and can interrupt reentrant pathways, restoring normal sinus rhythm.
Indications: Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT).

50
Q

Diltiazem

A

Drug Class: Calcium channel blocker
Mechanism of Action: Inhibits calcium ion influx into vascular smooth muscle and myocardium, decreasing myocardial contractility and oxygen demand, and dilating coronary arteries.
Indications: PSVT, atrial fibrillation/flutter with rapid ventricular rate, hypertension, angina.

51
Q

Amiodarone

A

Drug Class: Antiarrhythmic (class III)
Mechanism of Action: Prolongs the action potential and refractory period of cardiac cells; inhibits adrenergic stimulation; decreases AV conduction and sinus node function.
Indications: Ventricular fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, atrial fibrillation.

52
Q

Atropine

A

Drug Class: Anticholinergic, parasympatholytic
Mechanism of Action: Inhibits the action of acetylcholine at parasympathetic sites in smooth muscle, CNS, and secretory glands, increasing heart rate and decreasing secretions.
Indications: Bradycardia, organophosphate poisoning, asystole.

53
Q

Sodium Bicarbonate

A

Drug Class: Alkalinizing agent
Mechanism of Action: Increases plasma bicarbonate, buffers excess hydrogen ion concentration, raises blood pH.
Indications: Metabolic acidosis, hyperkalemia, drug intoxications (e.g., tricyclic antidepressants), cardiac arrest with suspected hyperkalemia or acidosis.

54
Q

Furosemide

A

Drug Class: Loop diuretic
Mechanism of Action: Inhibits reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the ascending loop of Henle, leading to increased excretion of water, sodium, chloride, magnesium, calcium, and potassium.
Indications: Edema associated with heart

55
Q

Bumetanide

A

Drug Class: Loop diuretic
Mechanism of Action: Inhibits reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the ascending loop of Henle, leading to increased excretion of water, sodium, chloride, magnesium, and calcium.
Indications: Edema associated with heart failure, liver disease, or renal disease.

56
Q

Captopril

A

Drug Class: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitor
Mechanism of Action: Inhibits the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, leading to vasodilation, decreased aldosterone secretion, and reduced blood pressure.
Indications: Hypertension, heart failure, diabetic nephropathy, post-myocardial infarction.

57
Q

Nicardipine

A

Drug Class: Calcium channel blocker
Mechanism of Action: Inhibits calcium ion influx into vascular smooth muscle and myocardium, causing vasodilation and decreased blood pressure.
Indications: Hypertensive emergencies, chronic stable angina, hypertension.

58
Q

Sodium Nitroprusside

A

Drug Class: Vasodilator
Mechanism of Action: Releases nitric oxide, leading to vasodilation of both arteries and veins, reducing preload and afterload, and decreasing blood pressure.
Indications: Hypertensive emergencies, acute heart failure, controlled hypotension during surgery.

59
Q

Calcium Chloride

A

Drug Class: Electrolyte supplement
Mechanism of Action: Increases the levels of extracellular calcium, crucial for cardiac and neuromuscular function.
Indications: Hypocalcemia, hyperkalemia, hypermagnesemia, calcium channel blocker overdose.

60
Q

Succinylcholine

A

Drug Class: Neuromuscular blocking agent (depolarizing)
Mechanism of Action: Mimics acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, causing depolarization and subsequent paralysis by preventing repolarization.
Indications: Rapid sequence intubation (RSI), muscle relaxation during surgery or mechanical ventilation.

61
Q

Pancuronium Bromide

A

Drug Class: Neuromuscular blocking agent (non-depolarizing)
Mechanism of Action: Blocks acetylcholine from binding to its receptors on muscles, preventing depolarization and causing paralysis.
Indications: Muscle relaxation during surgery or mechanical ventilation.

62
Q

Vecuronium

A

Drug Class: Neuromuscular blocking agent (non-depolarizing)
Mechanism of Action: Blocks acetylcholine from binding to its receptors on muscles, preventing depolarization and causing paralysis.
Indications: Muscle relaxation during surgery or mechanical ventilation, rapid sequence intubation.

63
Q

Rocuronium Bromide

A

Drug Class: Neuromuscular blocking agent (non-depolarizing)
Mechanism of Action: Blocks acetylcholine from binding to its receptors on muscles, preventing depolarization and causing paralysis.
Indications: Muscle relaxation during surgery or mechanical ventilation, rapid sequence intubation.

AEMT/PARAMEDIC DRUG CARDS (1 decks)

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