Nail Theory Flashcards
Pocket-like structure that HOLDS the root and matrix
Mantle
Active tissue that generates cells that harden as they move outward to form the nail plate
Nail Matrix
Attached to matrix at the BASE of the nail, inside the mantle
Nail Root
Area where the nail body RESTS. Nerves and blood vessels are found here for nourishment.
Nail bed
Eponychium vs hyponychium
Epyo: tissue at BASE of nail
Hypo: tissue UNDERNEATH free edge
Nail grooves vs sidewalls
Nail grooves: TRACKS to help nail growth
Sidewalls: folds of skin on either side of nail groove
Nails are made of
Keratin
Nail growth originates in the ___,
located in the ___
Matrix
Mantle
The matrix, which is where nail growth originates, contains lymph, blood vessels, and nerves that create cells, which are keratinized and form the ___
Nail plate
Average fingernail growth rate is ___
On average it takes ____ for a new fingernail to grow, and ____for a new toenail to grow
1/8” / month
4-6 months / 12-18 months
Who’s nails typically grow fastest, M/F?
Which fingers grow fastest/slowest
Male
Fastest: middle finger
Slowest: thumbs
A nail disease, disorder or condition
Conditions and disorders can be treated.
Diseases can not.
Onychosis
The cause of the disease, disorder or condition.
Etiology
OnyCHOMYCOSis
Ringworm of the nail
Tinea
Tinea Pedis
Ringworm of the hand
Ringworm of the feet
PARONYchia
Inflammation of the SKIN around nail
OnyCHOPtosis
Shedding or falling off of nails
OnyCHIA
Inflammation of nail MATRIX
“Chia Matrix”
OnychatrOPHIA
Atophy of nail or wasting away of nail
“Ophelia wasting away”
OnychoLYSis
Lys = loose
Loosening or separation of nail
Blue nails
Caused by poor circulation or injury
Eggshell nails
Very soft, thin - nervous system condition or hereditary
Corrugations
Furrows
Corrugations: horizontal ridges
Furrows: vertical ridges
KoLIONychia or spoon nails
Nails with a concave shape
OnychoGRYPosis
Increased curvature of nails
OnychoCRYPTosis
Ingrown nails
Ingrown = burried / crypt
Melanonychia
Brown or black darkening of nail
Caused by increased production of melanin
OnyCHAUXis
Thickening of nail plate
Leukonychia
White spots
PteryGIUM
Living skin that becomes attached to nail plate
Beau’s lines
Horizontal corrugations
OnychoPHAGY
Bitten nails
OnychorrHEXIS
Split or brittle nails
Bacterial vs fungal infections
Bacterial occurs on surface or underneath nail
Fungal occurs INSIDE nail plate
