Nail Theory

Question 1

Pocket-like structure that HOLDS the root and matrix

Answer 1

Mantle

Question 2

Active tissue that generates cells that harden as they move outward to form the nail plate

Answer 2

Nail Matrix

Question 3

Attached to matrix at the BASE of the nail, inside the mantle

Answer 3

Nail Root

Question 4

Area where the nail body RESTS. Nerves and blood vessels are found here for nourishment.

Answer 4

Nail bed

Question 5

Eponychium vs hyponychium

Answer 5

Epyo: tissue at BASE of nail
Hypo: tissue UNDERNEATH free edge

Question 6

Nail grooves vs sidewalls

Answer 6

Nail grooves: TRACKS to help nail growth

Sidewalls: folds of skin on either side of nail groove

Question 7

Nails are made of

Answer 7

Keratin

Question 8

Nail growth originates in the ___,

located in the ___

Answer 8

Matrix

Mantle

Question 9

The matrix, which is where nail growth originates, contains lymph, blood vessels, and nerves that create cells, which are keratinized and form the ___

Answer 9

Nail plate

Question 10

Average fingernail growth rate is ___

On average it takes ____ for a new fingernail to grow, and ____for a new toenail to grow

Answer 10

1/8” / month

4-6 months / 12-18 months

Question 11

Who’s nails typically grow fastest, M/F?

Which fingers grow fastest/slowest

Answer 11

Male

Fastest: middle finger
Slowest: thumbs

Question 12

A nail disease, disorder or condition

Conditions and disorders can be treated.
Diseases can not.

Answer 12

Onychosis

Question 13

The cause of the disease, disorder or condition.

Answer 13

Etiology

Question 14

OnyCHOMYCOSis

Answer 14

Ringworm of the nail

Question 15

Tinea

Tinea Pedis

Answer 15

Ringworm of the hand

Ringworm of the feet

Question 16

PARONYchia

Answer 16

Inflammation of the SKIN around nail

Question 17

OnyCHOPtosis

Answer 17

Shedding or falling off of nails

Question 18

OnyCHIA

Answer 18

Inflammation of nail MATRIX

“Chia Matrix”

Question 19

OnychatrOPHIA

Answer 19

Atophy of nail or wasting away of nail

“Ophelia wasting away”

Question 20

OnychoLYSis

Answer 20

Lys = loose

Loosening or separation of nail

Question 21

Blue nails

Answer 21

Caused by poor circulation or injury

Question 22

Eggshell nails

Answer 22

Very soft, thin - nervous system condition or hereditary

Question 23

Corrugations

Furrows

Answer 23

Corrugations: horizontal ridges
Furrows: vertical ridges

Question 24

KoLIONychia or spoon nails

Answer 24

Nails with a concave shape

Question 25

OnychoGRYPosis

Answer 25

Increased curvature of nails

Question 26

OnychoCRYPTosis

Answer 26

Ingrown nails

Ingrown = burried / crypt

Question 27

Melanonychia

Answer 27

Brown or black darkening of nail

Caused by increased production of melanin

Question 28

OnyCHAUXis

Answer 28

Thickening of nail plate

Question 29

Leukonychia

Answer 29

White spots

Question 30

PteryGIUM

Answer 30

Living skin that becomes attached to nail plate

Question 31

Beau’s lines

Answer 31

Horizontal corrugations

Question 32

OnychoPHAGY

Answer 32

Bitten nails

Question 33

OnychorrHEXIS

Answer 33

Split or brittle nails

Question 34

Bacterial vs fungal infections

Answer 34

Bacterial occurs on surface or underneath nail

Fungal occurs INSIDE nail plate