Nail Structure, Conditions, And Disorders

Question 1

Sometimes called furrows or corrugations; visible depressions running across the width of the natural nail plate; usually a result of major illness or injury that has traumatized the body

Answer 1

Beau’s lines

Question 2

Named for the nail bed color; is usually caused by a lack of circulating oxygen in the red blood cells

Answer 2

Blue fingernails

Question 3

Condition in which a blood clot forms under the nail plate, causing a dark purplish spot. These discolorations are usually due to small injuries to the nail bed

Answer 3

Bruised nail beds

Question 4

Nails turn a variety of colors; may indicate surface staining, a systemic disorder; or poor blood circulation

Answer 4

Discolored nails

Question 5

Noticeably thin, white nail plates that are more flexible than normal and can curve over the free edge

Answer 5

Eggshell nails

Question 6

A condition in which the living tissue surrounding the nail plate splits or tears

Answer 6

Hangnail

Question 7

Soft spoon nails with a concave shape that appear scooped out

Answer 7

Koilonychia

Question 8

Also known as white spots; whitish discolorations of the nails, usually caused by injury to the matrix area; not related to the body’s health or vitamin deficiencies

Answer 8

Leukonychia spots

Question 9

Darkening of the fingernails or toenails; may be seen as a black band within the nail plate, extending from the base to the free edge

Answer 9

Melanonychia

Question 10

Condition caused by an injury or disease of the nail unit

Answer 10

Nail disorder

Question 11

A non infectious condition that affects the surface of the natural nail plate causing tiny pits or severe roughness on the surface of the nail plate

Answer 11

Nail psoriasis
NAYL- suh- RY- uh- sis

Question 12

Abnormal condition that occurs when the skin is stretched by the nail plate; usually caused by serious injury, such as burns, or an adverse skin reaction to chemical nail enhancement products

Answer 12

Nail Pterygium
NAYL teh- RIJ- ee- um

Question 13

Thickening of nails

Answer 13

Onychauxis

Question 14

Inflammation of the nail matrix followed by shedding of the natural nail

Answer 14

Onychia

Question 15

Also known as ingrown nails; nail grows into the sides of the tissue around the nail

Answer 15

Onychocryptosis

Question 16

Onychogryposis

Answer 16

Also known as ram’s horn or claw nails; an enlargement of the fingernails or toenails accompanied by increased thickening and curvature

Question 17

Lifting of the nail plate from the nail bed without shedding, usually beginning at the free edge and continuing toward the lunula area

Answer 17

Onycholysis

Question 18

The separation and falling off of a nail plate from the nail bed; affects fingernails and toenails

Answer 18

Onychomadesis

Question 19

Fungal infection of the natural nail plate

Answer 19

Onychomycosis

Question 20

Also known as bitten nails; result of a habit of chewing the nail or chewing the hardened skin surrounding the nail plate

Answer 20

Onychophagy

Question 21

Split or brittle nails that have a series of lengthwise ridges giving a rough appearance to the surface of the nail plate

Answer 21

Onychorrhexis

Question 22

Any deformity or disease of the natural nails

Answer 22

Onychosis

Question 23

Bacterial inflammation of the tissues surrounding the nail. Redness, pus, and swelling are usually seen in the skin fold adjacent to the nail plate

Answer 23

Paronychia

Question 24

Also known as trumpet nail; increased crosswise curvature throughout the nail plate caused by an increased curvature of the matrix. The edges of the nail plate may curl around to form the shape of a trumpet or sharp cone at the free edge

Answer 24

Pincer nail

Question 25

Also known as folded nail; a type of highly curved nail usually caused by injury to the matrix, but may be inherited

Answer 25

Plicatured nail

Question 26

Common bacteria that can lead to a bacterial infection that appears as green, yellow, or black discoloration on the nail bed

Answer 26

Pseudomonas aeruginosa SUE- duh- MOAN-us Aye-ru-jin-oh-sa

Question 27

Severe inflammation of the nail in which a lump of red tissue grows up from the nail bed to the nail plate

Answer 27

Pyogenic granuloma Py- oh- JEN- ik Gran- yoo- LOH-muh

Question 28

Vertical lines running through the length of the natural nail plate that are caused by uneven growth of the nails, usually the results of normal aging

Answer 28

Ridges

Question 29

_________ caused by trauma or injury to the nail bed that damages the capillaries and allow small amounts of blood flow

Answer 29

Splinter hemorrhage

Question 30

Also known as athlete’s foot; medical term for fungal infections of the feet; red, itchy rash of the skin on the bottom of the feet or in between the toes

Answer 30

Tinea pedis