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Nail diseases > Nail diseases and disorders > Flashcards

Nail diseases and disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What condition causes Single transverse (horizontal) furrows? (Possibly result of ill health)

A

Beau’s lines

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2
Q

What could cause superficial ridges (corrugations)

A

Possibly the result of age (with thickening of nails) or illness

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3
Q

What could cause longitudinal (vertical ridges)?

A

Possibly ill health

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4
Q

What could cause single ridges?

A

Result of trauma, constant picking or ill health

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5
Q
  1. What could cause deep furrows
  2. How would you treat it?
A
  1. Dermatitis/ill health
  2. Buffed to make them smoother
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6
Q
  1. What conditions could be caused by Pitting?
  2. Is it a contraindication?
A
  1. Dermatitis or Psoriasis
  2. Yes, if severe. Client should seek medical attention
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7
Q
  1. An injury to the nail matrix, allowing an air pocket to form. What condition is this? 2. How do you treat it?
A
  1. Leuconychia (white spots)
  2. Treat nails gently to avoid further injury
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8
Q
  1. Poor blood supply, possible caused by anaemia, illness or overuse of strong detergents. Brittle nails, tendany to break easily. What condition is this?
  2. How would you treat it?
A
  1. Onychorrhexis
  2. Regular use of cuticle cream, manicures, moisturisers and good diet
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9
Q
  1. What cuases hang nail?
  2. How would you treat it?
A
  1. Cuticle has split, adhered to the nail plate, cannot move forward with the growth of the nail. Causing the cuticle to split leaving it prone to infection
  2. Cut the torn cuticle carefully, soften with cuticle cream/oil, regular manicures to reprevent re-occurance
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10
Q
  1. What could cause blue nail?
  2. How would you treat it?
A
  1. Poor circulation, anaemia or heart problem
  2. Using massage cream and finger excercises to help circulation
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11
Q
  1. What causes black nail?
  2. How to treat it?
A
  1. Usually result of heavy bruising, if severe, nail plate may detach from the nail bed. usually a new nail grows to replace it.
  2. Treat very gently, avoiding pressure, if severe avoid nail plate until a new nail is in place
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12
Q
  1. What could cause stained nails?
  2. What advise would you give a client to treat?
A
  1. Nicotine, dark nail enamel, hair dyes
  2. Advise about the possible causes of the staining. Buff nails regulary to reduce stains and encourage nail growth.
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13
Q
  1. What is the condition that causes flaking?
  2. What causes it?
  3. How would you treat it?
A
  1. Lamella Dystrophy
  2. Can be due to biting, incorrect or severe hand and nail treatments, lengthy exposure to hot water or harsh chemicals or general ill health
  3. Keeping the nails short, moisturising and regular manicures & homecare advise should cure the condition
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14
Q
  1. What is Pterygium
  2. How to treat?
A
  1. Overgrowth of the cuticle. Cuticle has hardened and grown over and stuck to the nail plate.
  2. Softening the cuticle with oil or parrafin wax, gently push back & remove excess cuticle. Regular manicures and massages should prevent re-occurance.
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15
Q
  1. What is the condition that causes excessive thicking or claw nail?
  2. What are the symptoms
  3. What causes it?
  4. How would you treat it?
A
  1. Onychauxis
  2. Nail plate has thickened, in some cases discoloured.
  3. Internal disorders, infection, damage below the nail, constant rubbing of badily fitting shoe
  4. If not infected, nail may be filed smooth, buffed and shaped. Infections are contraindications to treatment and client should seek medical advice
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16
Q
  1. What condition is Onychogryphosis?
  2. What are the symptons?
  3. Recommend treatment?
A
  1. Enlarged nail with increased curve
  2. Similar to claw nail, nail plate has thickened and curved due to increase in the horny cells of the nail plate. Common with older people especially if combined with ill fitting shoes or neglect
  3. Chiropodist or advise medical attention
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17
Q
  1. What condition causes the nail becoming smaller
  2. What are the symptoms?
  3. What causes it?
  4. Treatment advise?
A
  1. Onychatrophia
  2. Nail becomes smaller, becomes opaque and ridged and sometimes waste away
  3. Injury under the nail, nervous disorders or disease
  4. Manicures are not advised, nail should be protected from detergents, client should seek medical advise
18
Q
  1. What is Koilonychia?
  2. What causes it?
  3. Treatment advise?
A
  1. Spoon shaped nails
  2. Abnormal growth cuases the nail to splay at the sides with a depression in the middle. Can be hereditary or due to a type of anaemia or overactive thyroid
  3. Client should seek medical advise for the underlying condition
19
Q
  1. What is the condition that causes ingrowing nails?
  2. Cause?
  3. Treatment advise?
A
  1. Onychocryptosis
  2. Nail plate grows into the flesh of the nail wall. Usually caused by incorrect cutting or filling too far down the sides, ill fitting shoes or neglect.
  3. If painful, inflammed with swelling and pus, do not treat, client should seek medical advise
20
Q
  1. What is the condition for bitten nails?
  2. Causes?
  3. Treatment advise?
A
  1. Onychophagy
  2. Nail biting reduces the size of the nail so it eventually has no free edge. Nails look ragged, fingertips are sore, increasing chances of infection or hangnails
  3. Regular manicure to help soften cuticles, filing the nail edges smooth (if enought o file) and buffing to encourage growth. Condition only clears up when biting stops.
21
Q
  1. What is Onychoptosis?
  2. Causes?
A
  1. Where the nail may occasionally shed and/or come off. It may affect one or more nails.
  2. May occur after certain diseases, fever, system upset or medication
22
Q
  1. What is Onychia?
  2. Causes?
  3. Treatment advise?
A
  1. A bacterial or fungal infection can be very red and sore
  2. A damaged cuticle being infected by biting or thumb sucking, frequent use of detergents or immersion in water.
  3. Offer prevention advise and to seek medical treatment
23
Q
  1. What condition is Onychomycosis?
A
  1. Fungal infections - Athletes foot/Ringworm
24
Q
  1. What condition is Tinea Unguium?
  2. What are the symptons?
  3. Cause?
A
  1. Ringworm
  2. Highly infectious ringworm, appears as a yellow-brown discolouration at the free edge. Nail thickens and becomes furrowed, spongy and sometimes completely detached
  3. Fungus attacking the nail plate and bed through the free edge but can spread to nail root.
25
Q
  1. What is Tinea Pedis?
  2. Causes?
  3. Treatment advise?
A
  1. Athletes foot
  2. Highly contagious form of ringworm, skin between and under the toes becomes swollen, white and waterlogged
  3. Contraindicated for manicure/pedicure
26
Q
  1. What is Paronychia (Whitlow)?
  2. Cause?
  3. Treatment advise?
A
  1. A bacterial infection of the skin around the nail, which becomes swollen, red and inflamed.
  2. Usually caused by broken skin, rough treatment or injury to the cuticle /nail fold or exposure to unsterile manicure tools or harsh chemicals. Long term infection may results in the nail becoming deformed.
  3. Client should seek medical advise
27
Q

What type of infection is a wart or verrucas?

A

Virus

28
Q

What is a viral wart infection of the nail fold and nail bed called?

A

Periugium viral warts

29
Q

What treatment advise should be offered to client’s with corns?

A

Referred to a chiropodist for specialist treatment

30
Q
  1. What condition is characterised by small red patches covered in silvery scales which can affect the skin around and under the nails?
  2. Treatment advise?
A
  1. Psoriasis
  2. Contraindicated if lesions are open and weeping
31
Q
  1. What condition is characterised by very dry red flakey itchy skin?
  2. What contra-actions should you be aware of?
A
  1. Eczema and Dermatitis
  2. Lanolin in creams, the resins in nail harderners and polishes and some ingredients in nail extensions
32
Q
  1. What ingredients can be found in Cuticle massage cream/oil?
  2. Purpose?
A
  1. Fats and waxes, i.e. beeswax, cocoa butter, white soft paraffin
  2. To soften and nourish cuticle, easier to push back
33
Q
  1. What ingredients does cuticle remover contain?
  2. Purpose
A
  1. Potassium hydroxide, glycerol counters (drying effect of hydroxide) oleic acid, water
  2. Remove excess cuticle from nail plate
34
Q
  1. What ingredients does nail enamel remover contain?
A

Acetone or ethyl acetate (solvents), oil eg. glycerol counter drying effect of solvents

35
Q
  1. What ingredients does massage cream/oil contain?
  2. Purpose
A
  1. May include lanolin oils, mineral oils, cetyl alcohol, perfume, preservative, water
  2. To supplement natural moisture of skin, allow massage movement over skin
36
Q
  1. What ingredients does buffing paste include?
  2. Purpose
A
  1. Powdered silica or pumice, wax polish or mineral oil, soft paraffin, paraffin wax
  2. Polish nails mimimise ridges
37
Q

Nail strengthener ingredients?

A

Formaldehyde

38
Q

Nail enamels ingredients

A

Plastic film eg: nitrocellulose, plasticiser (for flexibility), solvent for drying, plastic resin (for gloss), pigments (for colour)

39
Q

Pearl and frosted enamel ingredients

A

Guanine or bismuth oxychloride

40
Q

Quick dryers ingredients

A

Mineral oil and Oleric acid or Silicone

41
Q

Hard skin remover

A

Sodium Chloride, pumic, liquid parraffin and glycerine

Nail diseases (1 decks)

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