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NAIL & CONDITIONS Flashcards

1
Q

THE NAIL PLATE

The formation of nails from lining cells to dead tissue is know as?

A

KERATINSATION

KERAT-IS-ATION

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2
Q

How long does it take on average for the nail to grow from the matrix to the free edge?

A

On average 12 months

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3
Q

keratinisation is what?

A

The formation of the nails from living cells to dead tissue

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4
Q

The matrix is what if the nail?

A

The brain

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5
Q

What are beaus lines

A

Beaus lines are horizontal shallow or deep ridges caused by illness or medication.

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6
Q

What does the matrix determine?

A

The shape and thickness of the nail.

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7
Q

What determines the shape and thickness of the nail?

A

The matrix

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8
Q

Nail growth can be affected by?

A

Illness and medication.

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9
Q

What can be affected by illness and medication?

A

Nail growth.

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10
Q

Proximal nail fold is otherwise know as?

A

Eponychium

Ep-o-nicky-um

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11
Q

The Epinychium is otherwise know as?

A

Proximal nail fold

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12
Q

What is the eponychium often mistaken as?

A

The cuticle

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13
Q

What is the cuticle often mistaken as?

A

The eponychium

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14
Q

Will the eponychium bleed if cut?

A

Yes

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15
Q

What is the nail wall also know as?

A

Lateral fold or side wall

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16
Q

Lateral fold or side wall is otherwise know as?

A

Nail wall

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17
Q

Where is the eponychium?

A

Area at the base of the nail plate

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18
Q

What does the eponychium act as?

A

A seal of the nail and guards against invasive bacteria.

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19
Q

If the eponychium is broken what can occur?

A

Infection

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20
Q

If cuticles are dry and split, what can it be a result of?

A

Over vigorous buffing

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21
Q

Can cuticles that overgrown onto the nail plate be treated?

A

Yes

It will require additional time to ensure they are removed effectively

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22
Q

The cuticle is often mistaken for the nail fold. Is that true or false?

A

TRUE

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23
Q

Does the underside of the proximal nail fold constantly shed layers of dead skin cells that sit on the nail plate and grow with it?

A

Yes

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24
Q

What is Leukonychia?

A

White spots on the nail

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25
Q

Can Leukonychia restrict treatments?

A

YES

(Such as buff or French finishes) - most commonly caused by trauma from the matrix. The spot is caused where inside the nail plate the cells are underdeveloped or not fully keratinised in a small area.

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26
Q

What is a splinter haemorrhage?

A

Tiny black streaks under the nail. Usually due to minor trauma with damage and occasionally illness. They are splinter-shaped due to the forward growth of the nail plate.

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27
Q

Beaus lines are horizontal ridges across the nail plate. What should they not be confused with?

A

Damage on the nail plate

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28
Q

Will beaus lines be noticeable on the nails?

A

YES

They can be caused by a systemic or internal health issue that continues around a month or more. i.e major accident, surgery, malnutrition, heart attack, uncontrolled diabetes.

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29
Q

What can dry nails appear as?

A

Dull with a flaking free edge

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30
Q

What do people with dry nails need to avoid?

A

Harsh chemicals

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31
Q

Will moisturising regularly help people with dry nails?

A

YES

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32
Q

What is hangnail?

A

Hangnails are a small tear or splitting in the cuticle or sharp point on the side of the nail.

Usually due to neglect of the cuticles or dryness.

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33
Q

Can Hangnails be removed during a manicure?

A

YES

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34
Q

How can Hangnail be prevented?

A

By gently lifting the nail fold when softened, from the nail bed and keeping it moisturised.

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35
Q

What is Psoriasus?

A

A mild case of this condition is seen as pitting on the nail. The nail will be delicate. And must be treated with care. A more serve condition can result in the destruction of the nail plate and should not be treated

36
Q

If a client had Psoriasis would you have to modify the treatement?

A

YES

as the nail will be delicate and must be treated with care.

37
Q

Can you carry out treatment on someone who has a serverve Psoriasis?

A

NO

as this can result in destruction of the nail plate.

38
Q

Is a client has Psoriasus on the skin, what will it be?

A

Dry, red and flaky.

39
Q

If a client has Dermatitis what should you focus more on?

A

The nail area to prevent irritating the skin.

40
Q

What is Dermatitis?

A

This is a general term that describes a non-specific inflammation of the skin. This is common with nail technicians and often due to overexposure of chemicals, dust and water etc.

41
Q

Can brusing on the hands or feet restrict treatment?

42
Q

Why would bruising on the hands of feet restrict treatment?

A

As when doing a massage it may cause pain and discomfort.

43
Q

Bacterial infection is know as?

A

PSEUDOMONAS

44
Q

What is Paronychia?

A

A bacterial infection.

45
Q

What’s causes Paronychia?

A

An overlay lifting of the nail plate and bacteria entering. The warm moist environment is a perfect condition for bacteria to grown. This starts as a yellow colour and can progress, If left untreated to a very dark green.

46
Q

bacterial infection will show as?

A

Red and swollen with pus around the cuticle.

47
Q

Fungal infections on the nail plate may appear as?

A

Yellowish-grey and May separate from the nail bed.

48
Q

Fungal infections can be noticed as white areas where?

A

Under the nail plate.

49
Q

What is an example of a fungal infection on the skin?

A

ATHLETES FOOT.

50
Q

Are fungal infections contagious?

51
Q

Would you carry out treatment in a client with a fungal infection?

52
Q

Can onycholysis lead to infection?

A

YES

If the nail plate is thinned, onycholysis (nail separation from nail bed) can easily result.
This opens up the nail bed to infection.

53
Q

Onycholysis May prevent?

A

Treatment.

54
Q

Onycholysis can happen if what has taken place?

A

An allergic reaction.

55
Q

If a client had an allergic reaction what must you do?

A

Remove all products from the nails. If the condition does not improve then the client should be referred to the GP.

56
Q

Nail plates can be damaged by over buffing and thinning the nail. They can also be damaged by improper removal of coatings and by the client picking off coatings. This can lead to?

A

Onycholysis.

57
Q

Warts are caused by?

A

A viral infection.

58
Q

Warts can be found on?

A

The fingers and sides of the nails.

59
Q

Warts are?

A

Raised lumps of horny tissue.

60
Q

What would you advise a client to do if they had warts?

A

See a pharmacist of GP for treatment.

61
Q

If a client has warts and you carry out treatment, what must you do?

A

Sanitise all areas.
Avoid the area.
Adapt the treatment by covering the areas using gloves.

62
Q

Paronychia is a?

A

Nail disease that is an often-tender bacterial or fungal infection of the hand or foot where the nail and skin meet the side or base of a finger or toenail. The infection can start suddenly (acute Paronychia) or gradually (chronic Paronychia).

63
Q

ONYCHONYCOSIS. Is also know as?

A

TINEA UNGUIUM

a fungal infection of the nail.

64
Q

What are the symptoms of ONYCHOMYCOSIS?

A

May include white or yellow nail discolouration, thickening of the nail and separation from the nail bed.

65
Q

ONYCHOMYCOSIS affects the fingernails and toenails but it is more common for the….

A

Toenails to be affected.

66
Q

ONYCHIA is?

A

Inflammation of the nail folds (surrounding tissue of the nail plate) of the nail with formation of pus and shedding of the nail.

67
Q

ONYCHIA results from?

A

The introduction of microscopic pathogens through small wounds.

68
Q

If a client has ONYCHIA, can you carry out treatment?

A

NO SERVICES CAN BE PERFORMED.

69
Q

What are the signs of ONYCHIA?

A

Inflammation of the matrix.
Bacterial infection.
Signs of infection.
Nails may not grow back ( if it does it may be deformed).

70
Q

ONYCHOCRYPTOSIS is better know as?

A

In growing toenail.

It is a painful condition in which the nail grows so that it cuts into one or both sides of the Paronychia or nail bed.

71
Q

Is scabies an infection?

A

NO it is an INFESTATION.

72
Q

Scabies is an infestation of?

A

Tiny mites

73
Q

The tiny mites that causes Scabies are called?

A

SARCOPTES SCABIEI

74
Q

Scabies can be recognised by?

A

Server itchiness and greyish lines between fingers and toes.

75
Q

If a person has scabies, have mites burrowed and laid eggs inside the skin?

76
Q

Ringworm is otherwise know as?

77
Q

Ringworm is a common?

A

Fungal infection.

78
Q

Ringworm must commonly affects?

A 
The skin in the body (TINEA corpora)
The scalp (TINEA capotes)
The feet (TINEA Peru’s or athletes foot)
The groin (TINEA Cruris or jock itch)
79
Q

Untreatable conditions.

A 
ONYCHOMYCOSIS
PARONYCHIA 
ONYCHIA- infection of the matrix
ONYCOLOSIS
SCABIES
ONYCHOCRYPTOSIS (ingrowing toenail)
80
Q

Blood under the nail I’d often otherwise know as?

A

A bruise

The blood under the bail will eventually grow out.

81
Q

Name the structures of the nail:

A 
MATRIX
NAIL BED
PROXIMAL NAIL FOLD
NAIL PLATE
LUNULA
NAIL WALL
HYPONYCHIUM
FREE EDGE
EPONYCHIUM/CUTICLE
82
Q

Flat and transparent cells make up around how many layers of the nail plate?

83
Q

Keratin is made up of?

84
Q

Proteins are made up of?

A

Amino acids bonded together into strong chains.

85
Q

The matrix is the brain of the nail. What does it produce to promote a healthy nail growth?

86
Q

When the matrix produces new cells to promote healthy nail growth and produces new cells to form….

A

The nail plate

87
Q

What does the nail wall provide the nail plate?

A

Protection and a guide to growth if the nail.

A seal is made here to prevent invasion of unwanted substances. Micro organisms.

Nails (1 decks)

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