Nahw 1 Flashcards
الافعال الناقصة
What are the 13 types of Auxiliary (defective) fils?
- كانَ - was
- صارَ- became
- اصبحَ - happen in the morning
- امسي - happened at night
- اضحى - happened a noon
- ظلٌ - happened during the day
- باتَ -happened during the night
- ما دامَ - always/ continuous
- ما زالَ - always/ continuous
- ما برحَ - always/ continuous
- ما فتى- always/ continuous
- ما انفك- always/ continuous
- ليس _ no/not
What 8 words that are always مرفوع?
المرفوعات
8 words always marfoo فاعل نائب الفاعل مبتدا خبر خيرٌ إنَّ واخواتها اسم كان واخواتها اسمُ ما ولا المشبَّهتينِ بليس خيرُ لا التي لنفي الجنسِ
اقسامُ الاسماءِ المُعَربةِ
What are the 2 Types of declinable isms? And what are the 9 causes?
2 types
منصرفٌ a nouns whose Iraab changes when certain restrictions are present
غيرُ منصرفٍ nouns whose iraab doesn’t change when it’s
majroor, it gets a fathah in halathi jaryi
اسباب منع الصرف
9 reasons/ causes that prevents iraab from changes
Transformation of a word but meaning same عدلٌ
Descriptive word وصفٌ
Proper noun (place, person, thing) علمٌ
Feminine proper noun تانيثٌ
Proper noun in a non-Arabic language عُجمةٌ
Combination of 2 words تركيبٌ
Noun that ends with Alif or noon الفٌ و نونٌ زائدتانِ
Proper noun on wazn of fil وزنُ فعلٍ
After alif jama it either has 2 harakats, tashdeed, or
sukoon on middle letter after alif جمعُ منتهي الجموع
اعراب اقسام الاسماءِ المعربة
What are the Iraab of the various types of mu’rab isms?
الاسم الصحيح - isms that does not end with alif , waw, yaa
الاسم القائم مقامَ الصحيح - isms which ends with waw and yaa proceeded by sukoon
الاسم الستةُ المكبرةُ - six isms which are not in their diminutive (reduced) forms
الاسمُ المقصور - یٰ isms that end with an alif maqsora
الاسم المنقوصُ - isms which ends with yaa proceeded by a kasrah
الحروف المشبهةُ بالفعل
What حروف resemble a fi’l?
Appears before مبتدا و خبر إِن - certainly, indeed, verily أن- that كأن - as if لكن - but, however ليت- if only, I wish لعل - maybe, hopefully, perhaps
الحروفُ الجارة
What are the 17 حرف جر (Preposition)?
Makes an ism مجرور
- With ب
- By (for an oath) ت
- Like ك
- For ل
- By (oath) و
- Since منذ
- Since/ for مذ
- Besides/ except خلا
- Many a. رُبَّ
- Besides / except حاشا
- From من
- Besides / except عدا
- In, regarding في
- Regarding عن
- On علىٰ
- Up to, until حتّٰى
- Up to, towards إلىٰ
?الضمائرwhat are the 5 types of
البارز - visible or independent pronouns المنفصل - unattached pronouns هو هما هم هي هما هنَّ أنت أنتما أنتم أنت أنتما أنتن أنا نحن
المتصل - attached pronouns ه هما هم ها هما هن ك كما كم ك كما كن ى ني نا
الضمير المستتر- hidden or implied pronouns
Can only be in محلِّ رفعٍ
Ex: ضربَ
الضمير الشأْنِ- S/M/3rd person, appears before a sentence for clarification
Ex: هو زيد or انه زيد
الضمير القصة -S/ F/ 3rd person appears before a sentence for clarification
Ex: هي فطيمة or إنها فطومة
الضمير الفصل - ضمير between a مبتدا و خبر for emphasis
What is any word Arabic?
کلمة-s
کلمات-P
What are the 3 types of کلمة?
- S- اسم. P- اسماء
Understood without combining & no tense - S- فعل. P- افعال
Understood without combing & all 3 tenses - S- حرف p- حروف
Cannot be understood without combing with an اسم or فعل
What are the علامات اسم?
- Proceeded by ال
- Has a tanween
- It accepts جر
- End with ة
- It can be تثنیة (dual) or جمع (plural)
- It is مبتدا or فاعل
- It is مضاف
- It is موصوف
- It is منادی (یا)
- It is مصغر (cutie pie)
- It is منسوب (belonging to something/someone- Makkan)
What are the علامات فعل?
- It is proceeded by قد (gone)
- It is proceeded by س (will soon)
- It is proceeded by سوف (will)
- It is proceeded by حرف جزم (did not- لم)
- It is proceeded by حرف نصب (will never- لن)
- It has a hidden ضمیر
- It is prohibitive (نهی- do not do!)
- It is imperative (امر- do!)
- It has a ت sakin at the end for Female
What are the علامة حرف?
A word that has no signs of an اسم or a فعل is a حرف
Has no signs of its own حرف
What is a موضوع and مهمل?
A meaningful word- all Quranic Words - موضوغ
Meaningless words - huh - مهمل
List 2 types of موضوع?
- Singular words- مفرد ex: کتابٌ
2. Compound words- can be a complete/incomplete sentence~ مرکب
What are the 3 types of اسم?
بنتٌ ~ Primary: not derived from nor any words derived from it- جامد.1
نصرٌ~ Root word: many words derived from it ~ مصدر.2
The one who helped منصورٌ ~ مصدر Derived from ~ مشتق.3
