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NACE Coating Inspector Session 1 Chp 3 Coatings > NACE Chp 3 Coatings > Flashcards

NACE Chp 3 Coatings Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of a “coating?

A

A film forming material that protects the surface it’s applied to from the effects of the environment

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2
Q

What are the 2 classifications of coatings

A

Organic(made from living things) and Inorganic(uses an inorganic binder)

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3
Q

Give 2 examples of ORGANIC coatings

A

tung, oil, castor oil, linseed oil, fish. All contain CARBON

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4
Q

Give 2 examples of INORGANIC coatings

A

SILICATES: sodium silicate, calcium silicate, lithium silicate, ethyl silicate(organic)

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5
Q

What are the 2 components of coating?

A

Pigment and Vehicle

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6
Q

What are 2 qualities of pigment

A
  1. pigment is a discrete particulate solid used for protection and decoration
  2. they do not dissolve, they remain in particles
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7
Q

What else does pigment describe?

A

Pigment can also describe inert fillers like chalk, talc, mica added for bulk

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8
Q

What part of the coating is the vehicle?

A

Vehicle is the liquid base of the coating.

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9
Q

What 3 things does vehicle consist of?

A
  1. Solvent
  2. Binder (resin i.e the film-forming portion)most coatings are named after the resin binder
  3. Liquid additives
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10
Q

What 2 components make up the dried coating film?

A

The binder and pigment

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11
Q

What are the 5 functions of pigments? (In total there are 6 main functions and 6 other functions)

A 
1.it’s rust inhibiting
2 makes film less permeable
3 hides the surface	
4  color
5  protects from UV rays and weather
6  reinforces the film
7  self-cleaning and controlled chalking
8  helps with coat binder drying
9    Helps with paint storage
10  increases body so thicker films can be applied
11  allows sacrificial protection
12 provides finishes…metallic or glosses
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12
Q

What are the 3 different pigment shapes and what is each used for?

A
  1. Nodular- LUMP SHAPED-generally adds COLOR or are SACRIFICIAL
  2. Acicular- NEEDLE-SHAPED- e.g. zinc oxide- adds COLOR and REINFORCES
  3. Lamellar- PLATELIKE-e.g. mica, glass flake-makes MORE IMPERMEABLE to moisture
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13
Q

What does vehicle consist of?

A
  1. Solvents
  2. Binders (resins)
  3. Additives
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14
Q

What are the 2 component groups of vehicle?

A
  1. Nonvolatile, film-forming (binder)

2. Volatile solvents

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15
Q

How are coating materials generally named? Give 2 examples

A

Coating materials are generally named for their PRINCIPAL RESIN
Examples epoxy, vinyl etc.

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16
Q

What do most resins require to aid in their application?

A

Solvent

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17
Q

What must binders convert from and into to create a protective coating?

A

The binder resins must convert from PLIANT LIQUID FORM to COHESIVE SOLID FORM

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18
Q

What properties should a binder have to be a suitable corrosion resistant coating?
(there are 6 in total)

A

1 Have good WETTING and ADHESION properties
2 resist water and oxygen transmission
3 Tolerate different application processes
4 Resist chemical and physical change
5 dry in reasonable time to avoid any contamination
6 form a stable film but still be flexible and strong

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19
Q

What is seen as the most critical choice in coating selection?

A

Choice of BINDER

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20
Q

What are the 3 classifications of solvents and their properties

A
  1. Primary (active): dissolves the resin that allows its use as a coating vehicle
  2. Latent: used with the primary solvent to:
  3. make the coating easier to apply
  4. control the evaporation rate
  5. improve quality of the final film.
  6. Diluent: e.g.water used with active solvents to dilute the coating in the container. Diluents DO NOT dissolve the resin.
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21
Q

What are the 2 characteristics of solvents?

A
  1. Solvency power: the ability to dissolve other chemical compounds (e.g. resins)
  2. Volatility: largely governs the evaporation rate
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22
Q

In reducing the coating for application, what is the ONLY solvent that should be used?

A

ONLY the SOLVENT SPECIFIED in the coating specificatrion

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23
Q

Name 5 things that EVAPORATION RATE influences

A
  1. leveling
  2. flowing
  3. sagging
  4. wet-edge time
  5. gloss
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24
Q

Evaporation rates are usually expressed relative to what?

A

the n-butyl acetate, which has a flsh point of 38 degrees and is assigned a value of one.

25
Q

What are the 7 different solvent types

A
  1. Aliphatic Hydrocarbon Solvents
  2. Aromatic Hydrocarbon Solvents
  3. Ketone Solvents
  4. Ester Solvents
  5. Alcohol Solvents
  6. Ether/Glycol Ethers
  7. Miscellaneous Solvents
26
Q

Paraffin is what kind of hydrocarbon solvent is it an open or closed chain?

A

Aliphatic solvents and they are OPEN chain or straight chain

27
Q

Give 2 other examples of aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents?

A
  1. mineral spirits

2. V.M. and P (Varnish Makers and Painters) naphtha

28
Q

What kind of boiling point does mineral spiriits have?

A

It has a HIGH boiling point and is used to dissolve oils, asphalts and alkyds

29
Q

Benzol is an example of what kind of hydrocarbon solvent? Are they open or closed chain

A

Aromatic, they are CLOSED chain hydrocarbons

30
Q

What is the six carbon ring called?

A

The benzene-ring structure.

31
Q

What is the simplest chemical in this aromatic family of hydrocarbons?

A

Benzene; the family also includes TOLUENE, XYLENE, and some higher boiling point HOMOLOGS.

32
Q

What solvents are oxygenated hydrocarbons of the acetone family?

A

Ketone solvents

33
Q

Ketone solvents are the most effective for what materials

A

Vinyls. They are also often used in epoxies

34
Q

a)What solvents have a banana-like odor? b) What kind of resins are they good solvents for?

A

a) Ester solvents.

b) Synthetic resins

35
Q

What is the trade name of the best slow-evaporating solvent for thermoplastic acrylics?

A

Cellosolve

36
Q

a) What solvents are good for highly polar binders such as phenolics?
b) Give 2 examples of these solvents

A

a) Alcohol solvents

b) Methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, propyl alcohol, butyl alcohol or isopropyl alcohol

37
Q

Why are ether solvents not usually used for synthetic resins?

A

They are very flammable

38
Q

Cellosolve is used in many lacquers to improve what two things?

A

Flow out and gloss

39
Q

Tetra hydrafuran is what kind of ether?

A

It is a cyclic ether with strong solvent characteristics for resinous materials e.g.rubbers, epoxies and acrylates

40
Q

What is solution kick out?

A

The point at which the resin precipitates when a solvent is added to it in increasing amounts. Also known as the DILUTION LIMIT

41
Q

What is the dilution limit an indication of?

A

The degree to which the resin and solvent are COMPATIBLE

42
Q

What does VOC stand for?

A

Volatoile Organic Compounds

43
Q

To make the calculation of the maximum allowable thinning that is VOC compliant, and inspector muct know what 4 things?

A
  1. Allowable VOC level
  2. VOC of activated/mixed coating
  3. VOC of thinner
  4. to calculate in ounces per gallon
44
Q

SOLVENT SAFETY

What 2 kinds of hazards is solvent safety concerned with?

A

Fire and health

45
Q

How is the flash point of a solvent defined?

A

AS the lowest temperature at which enough vapor will be present above the liquid to be IGNITED by an ignition source such as a flame.

46
Q

The lower the flash has what effect on the vapor released and the risk of vapor ignition?

A

The GREATER the amount of vapor which will be released and the GREATER the risk of vapor ignition

47
Q

The lower the flashpoint of a solvent makes that solvent more or less flammable?

A

The lower the flashpoint the MORE HIGHLY FLAMMABLE that solvent is

48
Q

What is th lower explosive limit (LEL)?

A

It is the lowest concentration of solvent vapor in air that can be ignited

49
Q

What is the upper explosive level (UEL)

A

It is the HIGHEST concentration of solvent in air that can be ignited.

50
Q

What is the name of the Safety organization that deals with solvents?

A

The National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

51
Q

What 2 things do they recommend inspectors use at all time when dealing with solvents?

A

Breathing apparatus and protectiv clothing

52
Q

What does TLV stand for and what does it mean?

A

Threshold limit value: a concentration of airborne can be inhaled for a period of time by workers according to OSHA

53
Q

What does TWA/TLV stand for and what does it mean?

A

Time weighted average/threshold limit value: time weighted average concentration for a stated work period e.g. 8 hour day or 40 hour week.

54
Q

What does STEL/TLV stand for and what does it mean?

A

Short-term exposure limit/threshold limit value: The maximum concentration to which workers can be exposed regardless of the period of time.

55
Q

What regulations should solvent storage follow?

A

Local and federal regulations

56
Q

An inspector should notify the safety supervisor immediately if they have doubts about what 3 things?

A
  1. Any on-site solvent or coating handling practice
  2. Protective clothing
  3. Breathing apparatus
57
Q

ADDITIVES:

What are 8 reasons additives are added to coatings?

A
  1. Adjust consistency
  2. Improve film build
  3. Make conductive (for use on concrete)
  4. Reduce settling
  5. Improve flexibility
  6. Retard mildew
  7. Provide anti-static properties to coating
  8. Provide abrasion and skid resistance
58
Q

Additives are part of what portion of the coating?

A

The vehicle portion of the coating

NACE Coating Inspector Session 1 Chp 3 Coatings (1 decks)

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