N5 Grammar Flashcards
1
Q
ではいけない「窃盗ではいけない。」
A
Must not do (formal + spoken Japanese)
2
Q
です「イカが好きです。」
A
To be/Is
3
Q
でした
A
To be/Is (past tense)
4
Q
だ「イカフライが好きだ。」
A
To be/Is (casual)
5
Q
だった
A
To be/Is (casual past tense)
6
Q
でしょう「大丈夫でしょうね。」
A
I think/It seems/Probably/Right?
7
Q
だろう「嘘だろう。」
A
I think/It seems/Probably/Right? (casual)
8
Q
で「車の中で待って。」
A
At/In or With/By
9
Q
でも「
A
But/However/Though
10
Q
どんな「ハッハッハ、お前はどんあバカだよ？」
A
What kind of/What type of
11
Q
どうして「どうしてお前は決して従うな？」
A
How/Why
12
Q
どうやって
A
How/In what way/By what means
13
Q
が
A
Subject marker/Identifier Particle/Marker of the “doer of the action” or But/However
14
Q
がある
A
There is/Is (non-living things)
15
Q
がいる
A
There is/Is (living things)
16
Q
が欲しい（がほしい）
A
To want (a noun)
17
Q
方がいい（ほうがいい）
A
Had better/It’d be better to/Should
18
Q
形容詞（けいようし）
A
い - adjectives
19
Q
一番（いちばん）
A
The most/The best
20
Q
一緒に（いっしょに）
A
Together
21
Q
いつも
A
Always/Usually/Habitually
22
Q
ではない
A
To not be/Is not/Are not (formal)
23
Q
ではありません
A
To not be (formal + polite)
24
Q
じゃない
A
To not be (casual)
25
か
Question particle or Or
26
から
From or Because
27
だから
Because
28
方（かた）
The way of doing/How to do
29
けど
But/However/Although (casual + contradicting ideas)
30
けれども
But/However/Although (formal + polite + contradicting ideas)
31
けれど
But/However/Although (polite + contradicting ideas)
32
くらい
About/Approx. or At least/At the very least (interchangeable w/ ぐらい)
33
ぐらい
About/Approx. or At least/At the very least (interchangeable w/ くらい)
34
まだ
Still/Not yet
35
まで~ていません
Have not yet
36
まで
Until/As far as/To (an extent)/Even
37
前に
Before/In front of
38
ませんか
Would you/Do you want to/Shall we
39
ましょう
Let's/Shall we
40
ましょうか
Shall I (offers help to someone)
41
も
Too/Also/Nor
42
もう
Again/Another or Anymore/No longer (when used w/ negatives)
43
な形容詞 (なけいようし）
な - Adjectives
44
な
Don't do (as an order/demand)
45
なあ
Confirmation/Admiration particle
46
ないで
Without doing (to do B without doing A) or Please don't do (as a request)
47
ないでください
Please don't do (as a polite request)
48
ないといけない
Must do/Have an obligation to do
49
なくちゃいけない
Must do/Need to do (subjective)
50
ないどだめ
Must do (casual)
51
ないと
Must do (even more casual)
52
なくては
Full form of なくちゃ
53
なくてはならない
Must do (as a sense of duty/important)
54
なくちゃ
Must do/Need to/Gotta (super casual)
55
なくてもいい「今日、あなたはゴミを出すなくてもいい」
Don't have to
56
なくていい
Don't have to (casual)
57
になる
To become (for nouns + な - Adjectives)
58
になった
Became (for な - Adjectives)
59
くなる
To become (for い - Adjectives)
60
くなった
Became (for い - Adjectives)
61
のです
To explain something/To express reason (polite)
62
んです
To explain something/To express reason (casual)
63
ね
Isn't it?/Right? (sentence ending)
64
に
Destination particle/In/At/On/To
65
へ
To (indicative of direction)
66
に行く（にいく）
To go do (an action)
67
にする
To decide to/on
68
の
Possessive particle/Of or Verb nominalizer
69
のが下手（のが下手）
To be bad at something/Not very good at
70
のが上手（のがじょうず）
To be good at something/Good at (used when referring to others, not yourself)
71
のが好き（のがすき）
I like something/doing something
72
ので
Because of/Given that/Since
73
お・ご
Polite honorific prefix particle
74
を
Object marker particle
75
をください
Please (give to me)
76
しかし
However/But (formal + always at the start of a sentence)
77
それから
And/And then/After that/Since then
78
そして
And/And then/Thus/And now (more focused on continuation)
79
すぎる
Too much
80
たことがある
To have done something previously/before/in the past
81
だことがない
To have never done something before (が can be dropped for casual speaking)
82
たい
Want to do something
83
たり~たり
Do things such as A and B
84
てある
Is/Has been done (resulting state)
85
ている
Ongoing action/Current state
86
てから
After doing/Since
87
てください
Please (do)
88
てもいい
OK (to do)
89
ていい
OK (to do (casual))
90
と
And or With or As
91
時（とき）
When/At this time
92
とても
Very/Awfully/Exceedingly
93
つもり
Plan to/Intend to
94
は
Topic marker particle
95
は~より
A is more ~ than B
96
はどうですか
How about/How is
97
や
And/Or/Connecting particle (things like A and B etc.)
98
よ
You know?/Emphasis
99
より~方が（より~ほうが）
A is more than B
100
ちゃいけない
Must not do (contracted + て)
101
じゃいけない
Must not do (contracted + で)
102
ちゃだめ
Must not do (casual + て)
103
じゃだめ
Must not do (casual + で)
