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N5 Revision > N5: Computing: Computer Systems (1) > Flashcards

N5: Computing: Computer Systems (1) Flashcards

1
Q

State the 5 stages of software development in order.

A

Analysis, design, implementation, testing and evaluation

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2
Q

How many bits are in one byte

A

8

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3
Q

How many bytes are in a kilobyte, megabyte and gigabyte?

A 
Kb= 2^10
Mb= 2^20
Gb= 2^30
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4
Q

Put- Megabyte, byte, gigabyte, bit, petabyte, terabyte and kilobyte into order

A

Bit, byte kilobyte, megabyte, gigabyte, terabyte and petabyte

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5
Q

What is a real number

A

A real number is any number that includes- positive, negative and decimal numbers

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6
Q

How can you store a real number in a computer system

A

Using floating point notation

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7
Q

Name the power and decimal components of floating point notation

A

Decimal- Mantissa

Power- Exponent

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8
Q

How many characters can ASCII store and what does ASCII stand for?

A

American Standard code for information interchange and 256 characters can be stored.

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9
Q

Name one other text storage system for computing and its advantage over ASCII

A

Unicode and it is advantageous as it can store a much larger range of characters as it stores each character in a 2byte (16 bit) code meaning it can store accents and symbols from foreign languages.

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10
Q

Name two control feature/functions

A

Return and Tab

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11
Q

State a disadvantage of Unicode compared with ASCII

A

As unicode uses 16 bits to store each character then this takes up more storage space

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12
Q

Define a pixel in computing terms

A

Individual black dots which form together to create an image

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13
Q

What is bit depth

A

Bit depth is the number of bits used for the colour code (used to represent each/all the different colours

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14
Q

What is resolution and how can it be in and decreased

A

Resolution is the number of pixels in a fixed area. Resolution can be increased by having a large amount of pictures in a small area whereas it can be decreased by having a small amount of pixels in a large area.

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15
Q

How do you work out the storage requirement of a black and white bit mapped image in kilobytes e.g- If the dimensions were 640 x 960

A

Number of bits= 960 x 640= 614,000
Number of bytes= 614,000 / 8= 76,800 bytes
In kilobytes= 76,800 / 1024= 75 Kilobytes (Kb)

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16
Q

How does Vector graphics store an image

A

Stores an image as a list of their objects and attributes as a whole rather than in pixels.

17
Q

State one advantage and one disadvantage of Bit mapped graphics

A

Advantage- As each pixel is stored individually they can be edited at pixel level so that fine detail and irregular shares can be seen in the image
Disadvantage- File sizes can be very large as each pixel is stored individually

18
Q

What is a peripheral device

A

A peripheral device is any device that can be attached to the cpu for purposes on input, output for backing storage

19
Q

Give one example of an input, output and backing storage device

A

Input= Keyboard
Output= Printer, projector
Backing store= USB memory stick, CD disk

20
Q

What does cpu stand for and name the 3 components of the processor chip

A

Central processing unit
ALU
Registers
Control unit

21
Q

Describe the functions of the 3 components of the processor chip within the CPU

A

Arithmetic logical unit (ALU)- Performs arithmetic/mathematical operations such as addition and subtraction as well as logical decisions such and AND, OR and NOT
Registers- Used to store items of data that the processor is currently working on
Control Unit- Fetches and executes program instructions one at a time.

22
Q

Name the three registers from within the processor chip

A

Instruction register, Program counter and accumulator

23
Q

What is the function of the main memory within the CPU

A

The function of main memory within the CPU is to store the programs and data currently being executed by the processor

24
Q

What two components is Main memory made up of and what do they stand for

A 
RAM= Random Access Memory
ROM= Read Only Memory
25
Q

Name 3 features of RAM and 2 features of ROM

A 
RAM= Programs and data can be written to RAM, Its contents can be changed & All content is lost when the computer is turned off
ROM= Cannot be written to but can be read, its contents cannot be changed & It does not lose its contents when the computer is switched off
26
Q

How can the processor identify a location in main memory from the thousands of millions of locations and what is this process called

A

Each locations is given a unique address and this process is called addressability

27
Q

Name the 3 busses that connect the processor to the main memory

A

Address bus, Control bus & Data bus

28
Q

State the function of the 3 busses

A

Address bus= Used to specify the location is to be used to read or write data
Data bus= Used to carry/transfer the data from a memory location to the processor
Control bus= Used to send out signals which initiate the task that the other 2 busses will perform

29
Q

In computing what is a program

A

A program is a set of instructions that are executed to solve a problem.

30
Q

What is machine code

A

Machine code is the computers own internal language and uses binary codes/digits to represent data

31
Q

What is a high level computing language

A

High level language is programming language that uses English command words to write programs

32
Q

Give 2 examples of a high level language program

A

Visual basic, python & scratch

33
Q

What must happen to all high level language programs before they are run?

A

They must be translated into machine code

34
Q

Name the names of code that are representative of high and low level languages

A 
HLL = Source code
LLL = Object code
35
Q

There are two different translators that can be used to convert HLL to LLL name them both and one difference between them

A

Compiler & Interpreter

Difference= Compiler translates the entire program into LLL before it is run then runs it whereas an interpreter translates each statement one at a time while the program is running.

N5 Revision (3 decks)

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