N4 Unit 2 Part A Flashcards
What is sexual reproduction?
A type of reproduction which involves two parents
What is the female sex cell in animals?
Egg cell
What is the male sex cell in animals?
Sperm cell
Where are egg cells made?
Ovary
Where are sperm cells made?
Testes
What is fertilisation?
The process where the nucleus of the sperm fuses with the nucleus of the egg cell.
What is internal fertilisation?
Where the sperm cell and egg cell meet are carry out fertilisation inside the body.
How is a young mammal protected and fed during fetal development?
Protected by the amniotic fluid in the uterus and gets food from the placenta.
How is a young mammal protected after birth?
Protected by their parents.
What is external fertilisation?
Where the sperm cell and egg cell meet are carry out fertilisation outside the body.
What is the female sex cell in plants?
Ovule
What is the male sex cell in plants?
Pollen
What is the function of the anther?
To make pollen
What is the function of the ovary?
To make ovules
What is the function of the stigma?
To catch pollen
What is the function of the sepal?
To protect the flower before it opens
What is the function of the petals?
To attract insects
Which part of the flower develops into the fruit after fertilisation?
Ovary
Which part of the flower develops into seeds after fertilisation?
Ovules
What is pollination?
The transfer of pollen from the anther of one flower to the stigma of another.
Describe the process of wind pollination.
Wind pollination involves the wind blowing pollen from one plant to another.
Describe the process of insect pollination.
Insect pollination involves an insect transferring pollen from one plant to another.
How does animal internal seed dispersal work?
Seeds are surrounded by succulent fruit to encourage animals to eat them.
How does wind seed dispersal work?
Seeds are attached to structures which allow them to be caught by the wind.
How does animal external seed dispersal work?
Seeds are attached to structures which can be caught on animal’s fur.
What is asexual reproduction?
A type of reproduction which involves one parent
Name three types of asexual reproduction in plants.
Blubs, tubers and runners
What is the function of the seed coat?
To protect the seed.
What is the function of the embryo?
Becomes the new plant
What is the function of the food store?
Provides energy for growth
What is germination?
The process by which a plant grows from a seed into a seedling
Name the three factors seeds require in order to germinate.
Water, oxygen and a suitable temperature
What is propagation?
To produce more plants
What type of plants use tubers?
Potato
What type of plants use runners?
Strawberry plant
What type of plants use leaflets?
Mexican hat plant
What type of plants use bulbs?
Daffodil
What is artificial propagation?
A human-made method of producing more plants.
What is a cutting?
A section of stem or leaf is cut and rooting hormone is used to encourage roots to grow.
What is tissue culture?
A new plant is made from a few cells taken from a donor plant.
What is hydroponics?
A method for growing plants without soil.
Give one example of a plants used for raw materials and name the product produced.
Pine trees - furniture
Give five examples of plants used to provide us with food.
Tomato, potato, banana, wheat and rice.
How can plants provide us with fuel?
Trees are cut down and used as fuel for cooking and heating.
Name three uses of plants.
Food, fuels and medicines.
Give one example of a plant used to make a medicine.
Opium poppy - morphine
What is pharming?
Genetically modifying a plant so that it produces a medicine.
Give one advantage of pharming.
The product will be much easier and cheaper to produce than is currently possible.
