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JLPT Grammar > N4 Grammar > Flashcards

N4 Grammar Flashcards

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1
Q

おもたそだね。てつだおうか？

A

That looks heavy. Shall I give you a hand?

volition form (てつだう -> てつだおう)

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2
Q

もう11時だ。早く寝よう。

寝る（ねる）

A

It’s already 11 pm, let’s hurry and sleep.

volition form (ねる -> ねよう)

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3
Q

かれは今学校にいるはずだ。

A

He should be in school right now.

いる＋はずぐ (should be/ must be)

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4
Q

彼女の話は本当のはずがない。

かのじょのはなしはほんとうのはずがない。

A

Her story can’t be true.

本当 (N) + はずがない (can’t be/ should not be)

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5
Q

明日はれるかどうかしらない。

A

I don’t know if it will be clear tomorrow.

かどうか (whether or not)

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6
Q

行くかどうか後で電話で知らせます。

いくかどうかあとででんわでしらせます。

A

Whether I go or not, I’ll let you know later by phone.

かどうか (whether or not)

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7
Q

名前を書いたかどうか、もういちどうチェックしてください。

A

Please check again whether you wrote your name or not.

かどうか (whether or not)

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8
Q

このやさいは、生のまま食べてもおいしいですよ。

A

These vegetables taste good even raw.

N+の+まま (as it is/ without changing/ current state)

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9
Q

どうぞくつのまま、お入りください。

A

Please enter with your shoes on.

N+の+まま (as it is/ without changing/ current state)
お～ください (please ~)

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10
Q

べんきょうしたまま寝てしまった。

寝る（ねる）

A

I fell asleep while studying.

Verb (たform) +まま (as it is/ without changing/ current state)

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11
Q

歩きながら話しましょう。

A

Let’s talk while walking.

ながら (while, during)

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12
Q

ギターをひきながら歌えますか。

A

Can you sing while playing the guitar?

ながら (while, during)

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13
Q

おんがくを聞きながら料理します。

料理 (りょうり）

A

I listen to music while I cook.

ながら (while, during)

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14
Q

電車は5分おきに走っています。

A

This train runs every 5 minutes.

おきに (repeated intervals/ every)

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15
Q

このくすりは2時間おきに飲んでください。

A

Please take this medecine every 2 hours.

おきに (repeated intervals/ every)

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16
Q

あまいものばかり食べると太ります。

A

If you eat only sweets, you will gain weight.

ばかり (only, nothing but~) / と (whenever [A] happens, [B] also happens)

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17
Q

このカフェのおきゃくさんは女性ばかりですね。

A

This cafe’s customers are all girls.

ばかり (only, nothing but~)

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18
Q

あなたに合うだけで元気になる。

A

I get energetic just from meeting you.

だけで (just by)

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19
Q

二人だけで少し話がしたい。

A

I want to talk just the two of us.

だけで (just by)

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20
Q

明日はきっと雨でしょう。

A

It will certainly rain tomorrow, right?

きっと (surely, most likely, undoubtedly)

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21
Q

がんばってべんきょうしたから、きっと明日のテストは大丈夫だよ。

A

You studied really hard, so I’m sure the test tomorrow will be fine.

きっと (surely, most likely, undoubtedly)

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22
Q

コーヒーまたはお茶からおえらびください。

A

Please choose from coffee or tea.

または (both, or, choice between [A] or [B])

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23
Q

日本語または英語で話せます。

A

I can speak in both Japanese or English.

または (both, or, choice between [A] or [B])

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24
Q

私はノート、ぺんなどがひつようだ。

A

I need things like notebooks and pens.

など ( such as, things like) / がひつよう (need necessary)

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25
Q

私はとても車などは買えない。

A

I can’t afford a car or anything like that.

など ( such as, things like)

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26
Q

この質問にはこたえにくいです。

A

This question is difficult to answer.

verb (stem) (-ます)+にくい difficult to

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27
Q

この自転車は古くてのりにくいです。

古くて (ふるくて）

A

This bicycle is old and difficult to ride.

verb (stem) (-ます)+にくい difficult to

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28
Q

急に雨がふりはじめました。

A

It suddenly started raining.

急に suddenly, quickly, abruptly, unexpectedly

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29
Q

その子は急になき出した。

A

That child suddenly started crying.

急に suddenly, quickly, abruptly, unexpectedly

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30
Q

さっきまで天気はよかったですが、今は大雨です。

A

The weather was fine a moment ago but now there’s heavy rain.

さっき some time ago. just now

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31
Q

さっきおきたばかりで、まだねむいです。

A

I just woke up, but I am still sleepy.

さっき some time ago. just now / たばかり just occured

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32
Q

そのようだ。

A

It seems to be that way.

ようだ appears, seems, looks as if

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33
Q

今日はさむくなるようだ。

A

It looks like it will become cold.

ようだ appears, seems, looks as if

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34
Q

見えるように、このパソコンはとても古いですがまだ使われている。

A

As you can see, this computer is very old but it’s still being used.

ように/ような like, as, similar to

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35
Q

にほんごで新聞が読めるように、かんじのべんきょうをしています。

A

I’m studying Kanji so that I can read the newspaper in Japanese.

ように/ような like, as, similar to

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36
Q

毎日れんしゅうすれば、泳げるようになります。

A

If you practice everyday, you’ll eventually be able to swim.

ようになる to reach the point that, to come to be that

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37
Q

たくさんべんきょうしたので、日本語を話せるようになりました。

A

I studied a lot and became able to speak Japanese.

ようになる to reach the point that, to come to be that

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38
Q

明日から仕事に行く前に毎日ラニングをするようにします。

A

From tomorrow, I am going to try to go running before work every day.

ようにする to try to, to make sure that

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39
Q

今日からおさけを飲まないようにします。

A

I’m not going to drink alcohol anymore from today.

ようにする to try to, to make sure that

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40
Q

私はそこに行こうとは思わない。

A

I would never think of going there.

ようと思う thinking of doing, planning to

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41
Q

こんどの休みに海へ行こうと思う。

A

I think I will go to the beach during my next holiday.

ようと思う thinking of doing, planning to

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42
Q

日本にりゅうがくしょうと思っています。

A

I’m thinking to go study abroad in Japan.

ようと思う thinking of doing, planning to

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43
Q

ぜひその映画を見るべきです。

A

You must really go see that movie.

ぜひ by all means, certainly, definitely

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44
Q

かのじょはぜひそこへ行きたいといった。

A

She said she was eager to go there.

ぜひ by all means, certainly, definitely

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45
Q

ぜひ、こんど家へあそびに来てください。

A

Definitely come over to hang out next time.

ぜひ by all means, certainly, definitely

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46
Q

かれは日本人ですが、かんじを全然書けない。

A

Although he is Japanese, he can’t write any Kanji.

全然 (ぜんぜん）not at all

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47
Q

ケーキを作るなんて全然できない。

A

There’s no way I can make a cake.

全然 (ぜんぜん）not at all

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48
Q

この質問には答えづらいです。

A

This question is difficult to answer.

づらい difficult to do

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49
Q

このみちは狭くて、車も多いので、うんてんしづらいです。

A

This road is narrow, and there’s a lot of cars, so it’s difficult to drive on.

づらい difficult to do

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50
Q

先生の声が聞きやすいです。

A

The teacher’s voice is easy to hear.

やすい easy to, likely to, prone to

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51
Q

ひらがなはかんじより書きやすいです。

A

Hiragana is easier to write than kanji.

やすい easy to, likely to, prone to

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52
Q

私はやっと家に帰ることできる。

A

I can finally return home.

やっと at last, finally, barely (less common)

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53
Q

社長の長い話がやっと終わった。

A

The president’s long story finally ended.

やっと at last, finally, barely (less common)

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54
Q

先月より日本語が上手になりますね。

A

Compared to last month, you japanese has improved.

より than, rather than

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55
Q

さいきん、円はドルよりやすいです。

A

Lately, the yen is cheaper than the dollard.

より than, rather than

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56
Q

私は友だちとあそぶ予定だった。

A

I was planning to hang out with my friends.

予定だ（よていだ）plan to, intend to

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57
Q

7月の終わりにドイツへ酋長する予定です。

A

I am planning to go on a business trip to Germany at the end of July.

予定だ（よていだ）plan to, intend to

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58
Q

サイクリングをしている間、ずっと雨がふっていました。

A

It rained the entire time I was cycling.

間 (あいだ）while, during, between

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59
Q

食事の間、かのじょといっしょに映画を見ました。

A

While eating dinner, I watched a movie with my girlfriend.

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60
Q

日本にいる間に、日本語が上手になりたいです。

A

I want to get good at Japanese while I’m in Japan.

間に while, during ~ something happened

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61
Q

先生がいない間にスマホを見ていた。

A

I looked at my smartphone while the teacher was gone.

間に while, during ~ something happened

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62
Q

日本語があまり分からない。

A

I don’t really understand Japanese.

あまり～ない not really

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63
Q

かれはあまり速く走ることができない。

A

He can’t run very fast.

あまり～ない not really

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64
Q

火事の場合は、119をかけます

A

In the event of a fire, call 119.

場合は（ばあいは）in the event of, in the case that

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65
Q

パスワードを忘れた場合は、こちらからご連絡ください。

パスワードをわすれたばあいは、こちらからごれんらくください。

A

If you forget your password, please contact us here.

場合は（ばあいは）in the event of, in the case that

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66
Q

雨が急にふり出した。

A

It suddenly started raining.

出す suddenly begin

急に suddenly, quickly, abruptly, unexpectedly / 出す suddenly begin

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67
Q

彼の話を聞いて、つい笑い出してしまった。

かれのはなしをきいて、ついわらいだしてしまった。

A

I burst out laughing when I heard his story.

出す suddenly begin

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68
Q

お釣でございます。

おつりでございます。

A

Here is your change.

でございます (honorific) to be

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69
Q

婦人の服の売り場は3階でございます。

ふじんのふくのうりばは3かいでございます。

A

Women’s clothing is on the 3rd floor.

でございます (honorific) to be

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70
Q

晩ご飯ならサラダでも作りましょうか？

A

Should I make a salad for dinner?

でも something like…

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71
Q

寒いから、暖かいものでも飲みませんか。

A

It’s a bit cold so why don’t we get something warm to drink?

でも something like…

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72
Q

すばらしい天気ではないか。

A

What wonderful weather we’re having, eh?

ではないか right? isn’t it?

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73
Q

明日は雨ではないかと思う。

A

I think it will rain tomorrow.

ではないか right? isn’t it? / と思う to think…; I think…; you think…

74
Q

サッカーを練習する場所が必要です。

A

I need a place to practice soccer.

が必要 (がひつよう）need, necessary

75
Q

私は少し考える時間が必要です。

A

I need some time to think it over.

が必要 (がひつよう）need, necessary

76
Q

このフルーツはどんな味がする？

A

What kind of flavor does this fruit have?

がする to smell, hear, taste

77
Q

人の声がする。

A

I can hear someone’s voice.

がする to smell, hear, taste

78
Q

彼女は怖がりだからホラー映画はダメだ。

A

She tends to scare easily so horror movies are not good.

がり has a tendency to, personality

79
Q

彼は強がりだけど、優しい心の人です。

A

He acts tough, but he has a kind heart.

がり has a tendency to, personality

80
Q

恥ずかしがらないで、前に出てきてください。

A

Please don’t feel shy and come up to the front.

がる show signs of, appear to feel

81
Q

彼は彼女がほしがるバッグを買ってあげた。

A

He bought her the bag she wanted.

がる show signs of, appear to feel

82
Q

ご質問はございますか。

A

Are there any questions?

ございます　humble version of ある、いる

83
Q

私はまだ夕食を作り始めていない。

A

I still haven’t started cooking dinner.

始める（はじめる）to start to, to begin

84
Q

私は今年から働き始めたばかりです。

A

I just started working from this year.

始める（はじめる）to start to, to begin

85
Q

外は寒いかな。

A

I wonder if it’s cold outside.

かな I wonder

86
Q

そろそろ勉強しようかな。

A

I guess I should start studying soon.

かな I wonder

87
Q

本当かしら。

A

I wonder if that’s true.

かしら I wonder (feminine)

88
Q

私はこのころとても忙しいのです。

A

I am very busy these days.

ころ/ごろ around, about, when (time)

89
Q

夜の8時ごろ、うちに来てもらえるか？

A

Can you come by my place around eight p.m.?

ころ/ごろ around, about, when (time)

90
Q

まだ終わってないのかい？

A

Aren’t you finished yet?

かい turns a sentence into a yes/no question

91
Q

失礼いたします。

A

Excuse me. (entering)

いたします to do (polite)

92
Q

５千円からお預かりいたします。３千円のおつりでございます。

お預かり (おあずかり)

A

Here’s your change of 3,000 yen out of 5,000 yen.

いたします to do (polite)

93
Q

来週、台風が来るかもしれない。

A

A typhoon is possibly coming next week.

かもしれない might, indicates possibility

94
Q

病気かもしれない。

A

I might be sick…

かもしれない might, indicates possibility

95
Q

医者は彼にタバコをやめる必要があると言った。

A

The doctor told him that he needs to quit smoking.

必要がある（ひつようがある）need to, it is necessary to

いしゃはかれにタバコをやめるひつようがあるといった。

96
Q

私の弟は今日学校に行く必要がない。

A

My younger brother doesn’t need to go to school today.

必要がある（ひつようがある）need to, it is necessary to

97
Q

明日のパーティーにいらっしゃいますか。

A

Will you go to the party tomorrow?

いらっしゃる polite version of to be, to come, to go

98
Q

校長先生は図書館にいらっしゃいます。

A

The headmaster is in the library.

いらっしゃる polite version of to be, to come, to go

99
Q

今夜外食しようじゃないか。

A

Let’s go out for dinner tonight, shall we?

じゃないか right? isn’t it?

100
Q

だから言ったじゃないか！

A

I told you so! (didn’t I?)

じゃないか right? isn’t it?

101
Q

酒は米で作る。

Sake

A

Sake is made from rice.

から作る/で作る made from

102
Q

このつくえは木で作られています。

A

This desk was made from wood.

から作る/で作る made from

103
Q

私の趣味は料理を作ることです。

A

My hobby is cooking.

こと verb nominalizer

104
Q

毎日ウォーキングをすることにしている。

A

I go walking every day.

こと verb nominalizer

105
Q

彼女の妹は英語が得意だそうです。

A

Her younger sister is apparently really good at English.

なadj + だ +そうです I heard that…

106
Q

彼は仕事をやめるそうだ。

A

I heard that he will be quitting his job.

V+そうだ I heard that…

107
Q

そろそろ雨がやみそうなので、もう少し待ちましょう。

A

It seems like the rain is going to stop soon, so let’s wait a little bit more.

そう appears like, looks like

108
Q

わぁ、おいしそうな料理がたくさんありますね。

A

Wow, there’s a lot of really good looking food here!

そう appears like, looks like

109
Q

あなたに家に来てほしくない。

A

I don’t want you to come to my house.

Vてほしくない I don’t want you to

110
Q

先生には、もっとゆっくり話してほしいです。

A

I wish the teacher would speak more slowly.

てほしいです I want you to

111
Q

いつまでに必要ですか。

A

When do you need this by?

までに by, by the time, indicates time limit

112
Q

この本、来週までに返してくださいね。

A

Please return this book by next week.

までに by, by the time, indicates time limit

113
Q

「宿題したの？」
「ちょうど今からするところですよ。」

A

“Did you do your homework?”
“I’m about to start now.”

ところ just about to, on the verge of doing

114
Q

「昼ごはんはもう食べましたか。」
「いいえ、これから食べるところです。」

A

“Have you eaten luch already?”
“Nope, I’m about to eat from now.”

ところ just about to, on the verge of doing

115
Q

彼は英語だけじゃなくて、中国語とかスペイン語とかも話せるんだよ。

A

He not only speaks English, but can also speak Chinese, Spanish, etc..

~とか~とか such as, among other things

116
Q

このイベントでは、バーベキューとかゲームとかをします。

A

At this event we will do things like barbecue and play games.

~とか~とか such as, among other things

117
Q

みんな早く帰りたがっているのに、部長の話が長くてなかなか帰れません。

A

Although everyone wants to head home early, the section manager talks for a long time and nobody can leave..

たがる wants to (3rd pers.) / のに although

118
Q

息子はアニメを見たがっていますが、宿題が終わっていないので、見させません。

A

My son wants to watch anime, but he hasn’t finished his homework, so I won’t let him watch it..

たがる wants to (3rd pers.)

119
Q

私の地元は6月でも寒いことがある。

地元 hometown

A

In my hometown there are times where it is cold even in June.

ことがある there are times when

120
Q

普段は母がご飯を作りますが、私が作ることもあります。

普段 (fudan) usually

A

My mother usually cooks, but there are times when I do as well.

ことがある there are times when

121
Q

このナイフはどんなものでも切ることができるよ。

A

This knife can cut through anything.

ことができる can, able to

122
Q

ここからは山を見ることができます。

A

You can see the mountains from here.

ことができる can, able to

123
Q

どうしてそれを学ぶことになったの？

A

How did you come to learn that?

ことになる It has been decided that, turns out

124
Q

私の母が入院することになった。

入院 (にゅういん) hospitalisation

A

My mother has been hospitalized.

ことになる It has been decided that, turns out

125
Q

寝る前に食べないことにした。

A

I’ve decided to stop eating before going to bed.

ことにする to decide on

126
Q

タバコをやめることにした。

A

I’ve decided to quit smoking.

ことにする to decide on

127
Q

お父さんがそろそろ家に帰るはずだ。

A

Father should be returning home anytime now.

はずだ it must be; it should be (expectation)

128
Q

今日は祝日だから、銀行は休みのはずだ。

A

Today is a national holiday, so surely the banks are closed.

はずだ it must be; it should be (expectation)

129
Q

彼女の話は本当のはずがない。

A

Her story can’t be true.

はずがない can’t be (impossible)

130
Q

彼はそんなことを言うはずがない。

A

He would never say such a thing.

はずがない can’t be (impossible)

131
Q

あと５００円安くしてくれたら、買いますよ。

A

I’ll buy it if you make it 500 yen cheaper.

いadj-くする　make something ~

132
Q

彼女は声を大きくした。

A

She raised her voice.

いadj-くする　make something ~

133
Q

外は、夏みたいだよ。

A

It’s like summer outside.

みたいだ like; similar to; resembling ~

134
Q

あの人は、日本人みたいですね。

A

That person seems like they are Japanese.

みたいだ like; similar to; resembling ~

135
Q

私は、今日みたいな日が好きだ。

A

I like days like today.

みたいな like, similar (before N)

136
Q

彼女は男みたいな歩き方をする。

A

She walks like a man.

みたいな like, similar (before N)

137
Q

私はお母さんみたいになりたい。

A

I want to become like my mother.

みたいに like similar (before Adj/Noun)

138
Q

子どもみたいに遊んだ。

遊んだ。- あそんだ。

A

I played like a kid.

みたいに like similar (before Adj/Noun)

139
Q

田中さんは１日に５回も食事をするそうだ。

A

I heard Tanaka eats as many as 5 meals everyday.

も as many as; as much as; up to; nearly ~ / そうだ I heard that

140
Q

土曜日は12時間も寝てしまいました。

A

On Saturday I slept for nearly 12 hours.

も as many as; as much as; up to; nearly ~

141
Q

晩ごはんの前にデザートを食べるな。

A

Don’t eat dessert before dinner!

な don’t ~ (order somebody to not do something)

142
Q

運転をするなら飲むな。

運転 うんてん

A

If you’re going to drive, don’t drink.

な don’t ~ / なら in the case that~

143
Q

火がなかなか燃えない。

燃えない / もえない

A

The fire won’t burn.

なかなか~ない not easy to, not be able to

144
Q

さっきコーヒーを飲んだせいで、なかなか寝られません。

A

Because I drank coffee a little while ago, I can’t seem to fall asleep.

なかなか~ない not easy to, not be able to / さっき some time ago, just now

145
Q

あのドラマならまだ見ていない。

A

If you’re talking about that drama, I still haven’t seen it.

なら in the case that~, if

146
Q

明日、学校に行くから、早く寝なさい！

A

You’ve got school tomorrow so hurry up and go to bed.

なさい do this (soft/firm command)

147
Q

次の質問を見て、ここに答えなさい！

A

Look at the next problem and put your answer here.

なさい do this (soft/firm command)

148
Q

母にセーターを買ってあげた。

A

I bought my mother a sweater.

てあげる (te ageru) to do for; to do a favor

149
Q

いいよ，私がやってあげるよ。

A

No problem, I’ll do it for you.

てあげる (te ageru) to do for; to do a favor

150
Q

あなたにぜひ見てもらいたいものがある。

A

There’s something I want you to look at.

てもらう (te morau) to get somebody to do something

151
Q

母に車で送ってもらった。

送って (おくって)

A

I had my mom drive me there.

てもらう (te morau) to get somebody to do something

152
Q

お弁当を作っておいたよ。

お弁当 (おべんと）

A

I made your bento (lunch box) already.

ておく to do something in advance

153
Q

旅行の前に切符を買っておきます。

旅行（りょこう）/ 切符（きっぷ）

A

I will buy the tickets before the trip.

ておく to do something in advance

154
Q

明日までに宿題をしちゃいます。

A

I will finish my homework by tomorrow.

てしまう / ちゃう to do something by accident, to finish completely

155
Q

ごめん！ジュースを全部飲んじゃった！

A

Sorry, I drank all the juice!

てしまう / ちゃう to do something by accident, to finish completely

156
Q

日本語はそんなに難しくないよ。

難しい（むずかしい）

A

Japanese is not that difficult..

そんなに so much; so; like that

157
Q

私のことがそんなに大切なの？

A

Do I really mean that much to you?

そんなに so much; so; like that

158
Q

昨日、トムという人に会いました。

A

Yesterday, I met a person called Tom.

と言う（という）called; named; that ~

159
Q

英語で「宿題」は、なんといいますか？

A

How do you say “shukudai” (homework) in English?

と言う（という）called; named; that ~

160
Q

まだ20時なのに、とても眠い。

A

I’m really tired even though it’s still only 8PM.

のに although. in spite of, even though~

161
Q

なぜ、彼らは冬なのに泳ぐのでしょうか？

A

Why will they swim even though it’s winter?

のに although. in spite of, even though~

162
Q

家に帰るのに3時間かかりました。

A

It took 3 hours to return home.

のに in order to~, to (do something)

163
Q

勉強するのに、それが必要だ。

勉強 べんきょう。必要　ひつよう。

A

I need it to study.

のに in order to~, to (do something)

164
Q

背の高さはどれぐらいですか？

背（せ）

A

How tall are you?

さ -ness, nominalizer

165
Q

私は、ワサビの辛さが大好きです。

辛 (から) spicy

A

I love the spiciness of wasabi.

さ -ness, nominalizer

166
Q

お金があったら、旅行します。

旅行（りょうこう）

A

If I had money, I would go travel.

たら if, after, when

167
Q

一口食べたら、きっと好きになるよ。

一口（ひとくち）one bite

A

Taste one bite, and you will surely like it!

たら if, after, when / きっと surely

168
Q

安かったら、パソコンを買いたいです。

A

If it’s cheap, I’d like to buy a computer.

いadj+かったら if, after, when

169
Q

一緒に来たらどうですか？

一緒に（いっしょに）

A

How about coming together with us?

たらどう how about~, why don’t you

170
Q

彼に電話したらどうですか。

A

Why don’t you give him a call?

たらどう how about~, why don’t you

171
Q

どうしたらいいですか？

A

What should I do?

たらいいですか what should I do?

172
Q

どこに行ったらいいですか。

A

Where should I go?

たらいいですか what should I do?

173
Q

きれいだと思わない？

A

Don’t you think it’s beautiful?

なadj+だ+と思う to think, I think, you think

174
Q

今日は午後から雨が降ると思います。

A

I think it will rain today from the afternoon.

V+と思う to think, I think, you think

175
Q

このぼうしは私には小さすぎます。

A

This hat is too small for me.

すぎる too much of something

176
Q

父からもらった自転車を今も使い続けています。

使い（つかい）use

A

I still use the bicycle that my father gave to me even now.

続ける（つづけるう）to continue

177
Q

一週間雨が降り続けた。

A

It kept raining for a full week.

続ける（つづけるう）to continue

178
Q

彼女は電車の中にカサを忘れたことに気がついた。

忘れた (わすれた)

A

She realized she had left her umbrella inside the train.

に気がつく to realise, to notice

179
Q

私があなたのメールに気がついたのが昨日でした。

A

Yesterday was when I noticed your email.

に気がつく to realise, to notice

180
Q

同じに見える。

A

They look the same.

に見える to look, to appear

181
Q

寝てないように見える。

A

You look like you didn’t sleep much.

に見える to look, to appear

182
Q
A

JLPT Grammar (1 decks)

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