N3B VAB Flashcards
graduate and spontaneous changes that occurs in maturation from infant to young adult
aging
a process by which a cell lows its ability to grow, divide and function this function ends in death oxidative stress, oncogenic signaling, chemo drugs, or other disease condition could lead to aging accumulation of senescent cells can lead to aging
SENESCENCE
number of years a person is expected to live; based on an estimate average age that a member of a population when they die Some Factors Influencing Your Life Expectancy
Heredity
Disease processes
Medical treatment
Lifestyle choices
Nutrition
LIFE EXPECTANCY
All aging begins with genetics
Aging changes the biochemical and physiological processes in the body
Cell and molecular biologists examine and propose theories to explain the aging process
- What causes aging”
- How can you influence aging….prolong life?
THEORIES OF AGING
specific to guide nursing care of selected population on a given setting consider a comprehensive plan and individual differences of individual
holistic approach: cognitive, psychological, spiritual and physical.
GOOD THEORY
3 MAJOR THEORIES OF AGING
I. PSYCHO-SOCIAL THEORIES
II. Biological Theories
III. Nursing Theories of Aging
Psychosocial Theories
Sociological
Psychological
Activity
Subculture
Age stratification
Disengagement
Continuity
Person- environment fit
Gerotranscendence
Sociological
Human needs
Individualism
Stages of personality development
Life-course/lifespan dev’t
Selective optimization with compensation
Psychological
changing roles, relationships, status, and generational cohort impact the older adult’s ability to adapt
relate to the environment influences that contribute and affect aging people
Sociological Theories
remaining occupied and involved is necessary to a satisfying late-life
retired older adults remain active
importance of ongoing activities
familial, recreational, volunteering and community roles can be maintained after retirement
Activity
gradual withdrawal from society and relationships serves to maintain social equilibrium and promote internal reflection
Disengagement
gradual withdrawal from society and relationships serves to maintain social equilibrium and promote internal reflection
Disengagement
elderly prefer to segregate from society in a subculture sharing loss of status and societal negativity regarding the age
health and mobility are key determinants of social status
Subculture
personality influences roles and life satisfaction and remains consistent throughout life.
past coping patterns recur as older adults adjust to physical, financial and social decline
and contemplate death.
identify with age grp; finding a residence = limitations; learning new postretirement roles
Continuity
function is affected by ego, strength, mobility, health, cognition, sensory perception, and the environment
Person-Environment Fit
basis of acquiring resources, roles, status, and difference from others
age cohorts our influence by their historical context and share similar experiences, beliefs, attitudes and expectations of life course transition
preserve and maintain a person’s well-being
Age Stratification
transformation from a materialistic rational perspective towards oneness with the universe
outward focus, accepting death, substantive relationships, intergenerational connectedness
Gerotranscendence
explains aging in terms of mental processes, emotions, attitudes, motivation and personality
development that is characterized by life stage transitions.
PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORIES
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs: physiological, safety, love/belongingness, self-esteem, self- actualization
failure to grow lead to feeling of failure, life is meaningless
Human Needs
traits of individualistic cultures: uniqueness,
independence, self-sufficiency, and autonomy
adults search for life meaning
adapt to functional and social losses
Individualism
characterized by evaluation life accomplishments; struggles include letting go, accepting care, detachment, and physical and mental decline
Integrity vs Despair
Life Stages: young & single, just married, proud parents, and planning for retirement
Life Course/ Lifespan Development
individuals cope with aging losses through activity/role selection, optimization, and compensation.
critical life points are morbidity, mortality, and
quality of life.
Selective Optimization with Compensation
