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N398 Final > N398 Final > Flashcards

N398 Final Flashcards

1
Q

metformin

A
  • used to prevent DM 2
  • inhibits glucose production in the liver and reduces absorption in the gut
  • can lead to lactic acid build up
  • does NOT stimulate insulin release
  • contraindication within 48 hrs of IV contrast
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2
Q

glipizide

A
  • sulfonylureas
  • used to prevent DM 2
  • stimulates release of insulin from pancreatic islets (if pancreas doesnt work–this drug wont)
  • AE: hypoglycemia
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3
Q

repaglinitde

A
  • used to prevent DM 2
  • stimulates release of insulin from pancreatic islets (if pancreas doesnt work–this drug wont)
  • AE: hypoglycemia (absorbed rapidly in the gut)
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4
Q

sitagliptin

A

-used to prevent DM 2
-blocks DDP-4 and stimulates glucose dependent release of insulin and suppresses postprandial release of glucagon
AE: hypoglycemia, pancreatitis, Stevens-johnson syndrome

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5
Q

liraglutide

A
  • used prevent DM 2
  • slows gastric emptying, stimulates glucose dependent insulin release
  • SQ injection
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6
Q

pioglitazone

A
  • used to prevent to DM 2
  • reduces insulin resistance and decrease glucose production
  • AE: fluid retention, hypoglycemia
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7
Q

insulin: Lispro

A
  • used to prevent DM 1
  • rapid acting (meal time fixes)
  • AE: hypoglycemia, hyperkalemia, allergic reactions
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8
Q

insulin: regular

A
  • prevent DM 1

- short duration

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9
Q

insulin: NPH

A
  • prevent DM 1

- intermediate duration

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10
Q

insulin: glargine

A
  • prevent DM 1
  • long duration (helps mimics the pancreas)
  • cant mix
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11
Q

phenytoin

A

-anti-epileptic drug
-used for seizures except absence
-selective inhibition of Na+ channels
AE: gengivial hyperplasia, swelling, SJS, teratogenic in pregnancy (cleft palate, hydrocephalus, renal), purple glove syndrome
-narrow therapeutic index

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12
Q

fosphenytoin

A
  • pro-drug of phenytoin

- less side effects (no purple glove syndrome)

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13
Q

carbamazepine

A
  • anti-epileptic drug
  • used for partial seizures and tonic-clonic seizures
  • suppresses high frequency neuronal dischange in and around seizure foci
  • AE: CNS, hematologic, increased risk of spina bifida, hyponatremia, and rashes
  • autoinduction (metabolized in the liver)
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14
Q

divalproex

A
  • antiepileptic drug
  • sodium channel blockage, inhibitory of GABA, suppression of calcium influx
  • AE: hepatotoxicity, pancreatitis, hyperammonia, tetrogenic in 1st trimester (neural tube and congnitive)
  • comes in extended release, delayed release, sprinkles
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15
Q

levetiracetam

A
  • antiepileptic drug
  • mechanism is unknown
  • AE: drownsiness and asthenia
  • minimal drug interactions
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16
Q

mannitol

A
  • antiepileptic drugs
  • osmotic diurectic that crosses the BBB and pulls water
  • AE: electrolyte imbalance, hypotension, dehydration
  • will crystalize so make sure you have a filter
17
Q

albuterol

A
  • short acting beta 2 agonist
  • used to treat asthma and COPD
  • bronchodilation
  • AE: tachycardia, tremor, hypokalemia
18
Q

ipratropium

A
  • anticholinergic
  • treatment of COPD
  • blocks muscarinic receptors in the bronchi and causes bronchodilation
  • AE: dry mouth, phargyneal irritation
19
Q

montelukast

A
  • leukotriene modifier

- suppresses effects of leukotrienes (inflammation)

20
Q

beclomethasone

A
  • inhaled corticosteroid
  • knocks out inflammation side effects and decrease mucus production
  • AE: thrush (tell pts to rinse mouth out), dysphonia, bone loss
21
Q

ranitidine

A
  • histamine 2 receptor antagonist
  • suppresses the secretion of gastric acid by selectively blocking H2 receptors in parietal cells
  • AE: avoid with warfarin and phenytoin
22
Q

omeprazole

A
  • proton pump inhibitors
  • blocks gastric production
  • AE: long term can increase risk of osteoporosis, pneumonia, C. diff, dementia, kidney
23
Q

sucralfate

A
  • mucosal protectant
  • acidic environment changes into thick substance that adheres to the ulcer in the stomach
  • AE: constipation, may interfere with other med absorption
24
Q

mag hydroxide and calcium carbonate

A
  • antacids

- neutralize stomach acid by inactivating pepsin

25
Q

sulfasalazine

A
  • 5 ASA
  • used for IBD
  • decreases inflammation by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis
  • AE: blood disorders, anemia
26
Q

digoxin

A
  • used for heart failure
  • inhibits the Na-K ATPase (increase contractility, CO, and limits HF symptoms)
  • AE: dysrhy, N/V, visual disturbances
27
Q

furosemide

A
  • loop diuretic
  • significant diuresis even with low GFR
  • AE: hypokalemia, hypotension, dehydration
28
Q

hydrocholorothiazide

A
  • mild diuretic (ineff with low GFR)

- AE: hypokalemia

29
Q

spironolactone

A

-K sparing diuretics
-minimal diuresis
-blocks aldosterone which makes Na leave but not K+
AE: hyperkalemia

30
Q

nitroglycerin

A
  • organic nitrate, must be converted
  • dilates veins and decreases venous return
  • AE: chest pain and drug interaction with viagra (drop in BP)
31
Q

lisinopril

A
  • pril = ACE inhibitor
  • prevention angiotensin 1 to 2
  • AE: persistent cough
32
Q

metoprolol

A
  • lol = beta block
  • beta adrenergic blocker
  • protecting heart from excessive sympathetic stimulation and protecting against dysrhythmia
  • AE: reduces HR but blocks sympathetic response
33
Q

losartan

A
  • ARB
  • prevents angio 2 from binding with receptors
  • AE: angioedema, hyperkalemia
  • less cardiac remodeling than ACE
34
Q

hydralazine

A
  • vasodilator
  • selective dilation of arterioles
  • AE: hypotension, tachycardia, lupus like
35
Q

paroxetine

A
  • SSRI
  • mood disorders
  • allows serotonin to stay in synaptic gap longer
  • AE: sexual dysfunction, wt gain, serotonin syndrome (muscle rigidity, fever, altered mental status)
  • interactions with antiplatelet drugs
36
Q

venlafaxine

A
  • SNRI
  • mood disorders
  • allows serotonin and NE to stay in synaptic gap longer
  • AE: sexual dysfunction, wt gain, serotonin syndrome (muscle rigidity, fever, altered mental status)
  • interactions with antiplatelet drugs
37
Q

amitriptyline

A
  • TCA
  • mood disorders, neuropathic pain, sleep
  • blocks neuronal reuptake of NE and serotonin
  • AE: orthostatic hypotension, sedation, seizures
  • overdose is lethal
38
Q

bupropion

A
  • atypical antidepressant
  • mood disoder
  • unclear (DA blockage and NE reuptake)
  • AE: agitation, HA, dry mount, wt loss, seizure
  • helps with smoking cessation
39
Q

alprazolam

A
  • benzodiazepine
  • anxiety
  • AE: CNS depressant, resp depressant
  • can have life threatening withdrawal syndrome

N398 Final (1 decks)

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