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N2K Flashcards

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0
Q

The silk roads

A 
Overland trade routes to Asia 
Marco Polo (from Venice): travelled to the east
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1
Q

The Mongol Empire

A

13th century
Nomadic (do not stay in one place)
Started as a small pastoral (horseback/herders) tribe and expanded through Asia, Russia and Middle East.
Split off into four empires

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2
Q

Mamluk Egypt

A

13th century
Halted Mongol expansion
Of Turkish decent.
They were recruited into Egypt as slaves because it was illegal for Muslims to enslave Muslims (Egyptians)

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3
Q

The great plague/Black Death

A

Mostly 1340’s & 1350’s

Killed 75million

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4
Q

The Byzantine empire

A

living extension of the romain empire; conquered in 15th century
Built city walls to defend themselves from enemies/rivals

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5
Q

African Empires

A

Mali, Ethiopia, Zambezi

14th - 15th century

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6
Q

Inca and Aztec Empires

A

Latin America: rise late 14th and early 15th century. Both inca and Aztec empires were amazing engineers.
Aztecs built the Mexican pyramids and chinampas (artificial islands created for crops)
Incas civilization was built in the highlands of Peru. They built the city of Machu Picchu in the Andean mountains.

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7
Q

Ming dynasty

A

(1368-1644)
Threw off the Mongol controlled rulers
Controlled China for 300 years but never expanded their empire

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8
Q

Portuguese Empire

A

First Global maritime empire; rise 15th & 16th century. Fall in 17th century.
Dominated trade between Asia and Europe and some trade within Asia and South America
Colonized Brazil and parts of Africa.

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9
Q

Oceanic imperialism

A

Breakthroughs in 1490’s
Understanding of “trade winds” prevailing currents, and the Gulf Stream –> powerful Atlantic Ocean current that causes a North Atlantic drift (east coast North America - west coast Europe)

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10
Q

Ottoman Empire

A

Turkish empire

Rise in 14th/15th century

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11
Q

Mughal Empire

A

Persian empire extending over large parts of India.
Unlike the Mongols, the Persian empire did not stamp out local societies it came to rule, but rather changed administrative practices.

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12
Q

Ecological exchanges

A

The 1500’s see the growth of international trade in goods and diseases

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13
Q

British North America

A

16th century to present

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14
Q

Spanish Empire

A

16th - 19th century
Ruled most of South-West America, and Mexico
Hernan Cortes conquered Mexico (Aztec empire)
Francisco Pizarro conquers the Inca empire of Peru
Atlantic navigation was divided between Spain and Portugal (Treaty of Tordesillas)

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15
Q

Christian reformations

A

16th & 17th centuries

Emergence of Protestant churches in Northern Europe

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16
Q

The Renaissance

A

Rebirth of knowledge (Italian city states)
Spread throughout Europe.
Revolutions in many intellectual pursuits.
Social and political upheaval.
Contributed to the development of diplomacy and science.

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17
Q

Scientific Revolution

A

Scientific reasoning based on empirical evidence

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18
Q

Stafavid Empire

A

(1501-1722)

Extended Persian influence in South Asia

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19
Q

Tokugawa Japan

A

(1603-1868)

Limited trade; concerned about foreign influences.

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20
Q

Qing Dynasty

A

1644-1912
Last imperial dynasty of China
Growth 17th/18th centuries
Challenges arose in the 19th century

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21
Q

West african slave states

A

States that captured and traded slaves to Europeans

22
Q

Enlightenment

A

Philosophical movement of 18th century.

Skeptical of existing political and social beliefs

23
Q

Asian empires in decline

A

Loss of power and expansion in latter 18th century
Reached limits of expansion with technology available (China)
Poor leadership (in places)
Loss of revenue (ottomans)
Western pressure

24
Q

British Empire

A

Rise to global power status in 18th century • sea power

25
Q

American and French revolutions

A

Inspired by secular, liberal and democratic ideals which were institutionalized

26
Q

South American revolutions

A

Wars of independence in Latin America (starting early 19th century)
Inspired by American and French revolutions
*Simon Bolivar, Venezuela, 1821

27
Q

Capitalism

A

Economic system where trade and industry are privately owned and operated for profit
*private property & capital accumulation

28
Q

Secularism

A

Government separated from religious institutions

29
Q

Liberalism

A

Principles of liberty, equality, freedom of speech, press and religion
Economic principles of private property and free trade

30
Q

Population growth

A

Rapid rise in global population in 19th century

31
Q

Urbanization

A

Increased migration to cities in the 19th-20th centuries

32
Q

Industrialization

A

Shift to manufacturing in factories, mills, etc
Wage labour
Rural to urban migration

33
Q

Militarization

A 
Countries build armies and collect armaments to prepare for war 
Military culture (Israel?)
34
Q

Centralization

A

Organization & planning become located in one place

Power in national capitals

35
Q

Bureaucratization

A

Increase in departmentalization of government
Specialization
Organized ways to make systems more efficient

36
Q

Nationalism

A

Identification of a particular group of people with common bonds (language, race, ideas)
Ethnic similarities
Tradition > Law

37
Q

Imperialism

A

The expansion of influence through military force, trade and/or colonization

38
Q

Global empires

A

19th & 20th century when empires (mostly European) had a global reach
Grew through an increase of transportation opportunities

39
Q

Constitutionalism

A

The primacy of a contrition (laws, articles) that define a nation
Gives citizens ultimate power; limits government.

40
Q

Racism

A

Ideas of racial grouping based o. Pseudoscientific theories (late 19tj, early 20th centuries)

41
Q

World War I

A

1914-1918
Global war
Marked the decline of European power and influence
Led to popularity of more radical ideologies

42
Q

Fascism

A

Strongly nationalistic (often racist)
Industry and labour regulated by government
Opposition suppressed or eliminated
“Nationalism on steroids”

43
Q

Genocide

A

Systematic and planned mass mytder of a national, cultural or religions groups.
Normalization of killing
Industrialized killings
Carefully planned with bureaucratic means

44
Q

Socialism

A

Economy is state owned or managed by a central authority

Usually emphasizes equality and (re)distribution of wealth

45
Q

World War II

A

Global war that killed 60 million people
Defeat of fascist “empire states” of Germany & Japan
Left global power split between soviet USSR & USA and respective allies

46
Q

Individualism

A

Theory that the individual freedom is as important as the welfare of the community

47
Q

Counter culture

A

Culture of rebellion and rejection of Norms

Amidst time of plenty; late 1960s & 70s

48
Q

Decolonization

A

The European powers slow yielding of control of their empires (post WWII)

49
Q

Environmentalism

A

Movement to raise awareness of industrial society’s damage to the natural world

50
Q

Latest age of globalization

A

The world post-1989
“The development of an increasingly integrated global economy marked especially by free trade, fee flow of capital and the tapping of cheaper foreign labor markets” – Merriam Webster

51
Q

“Chimerica”

A

The interesting relationship of interdependence and rivalry between America and China

52
Q

Lee Kuan Yew

A

PM of Singapore, 1959-1990 “the grand master”

History (2 decks)

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