N2/N3/B4 Flashcards
0
Q
What do langerhan cells do?
A
Move from epidermis to the dermis and enter lymph system
1
Q
What is a langerhan cell?
A
Absorb foreign bodies that enter the skin
2
Q
What is the lymph system?
A
Body’s waste transport system
3
Q
What 5 layers make up the epidermis?
A
Stratum corneum Stratum licidium Stratum granulosum Stratum spinosum Stratum germanium
4
Q
What is the top layer of the skin?
A
Epidermis
5
Q
What is the middle layer of the skin?
A
Dermis
6
Q
What is a melanocyte cell
A
The cells that produce the skin pigment melanin which contributes to our skin colour
7
Q
What stimulates melanocyte cells to produce menalin?
A
Ultra violet rays
8
Q
What is the bottom layer of the skin?
A
Subcutaneous (fatty layer)
9
Q
Which layer of skin is known also as true skin?
A
Dermis
10
Q
What does stratum mean?
A
Latin for layer
11
Q
What are the 7 functions of the skin?
A
Secretions Heat regulation Absorption Protection Excretions Vitamin D production
12
Q
Uv rays cause the skin..?
A
Burning (UVB)
Aging (UVA)
13
Q
What would you recommended for uv rays?
A
SPF/ sunscreen
14
Q
What are free radicles?
A
Molecules that are harmful to the body.
15
Q
What do free radicles do?
A
Breakdown proteins of the skin causing premature ageing.
16
Q
What would you recommend for protection against free radicles?
A
Moisturise day & night
17
Q
AHA stands for?
A
Alpha Hydroxy Acids
18
Q
What can stress cause?
A
Skin disorders
Tension
Dark circles
Slow circulation
19
Q
What would you recommend for stress?
A
Facial treatment - reduce & relieve stress
20
Q
How does smoking impact the skin?
A
Slows cell respiration (restricts nutrients cells receive)
Removal waste products less effective
21
Q
Produces chemical destroys vitamin c this causes?
A
Premature ageing, as it interferes with the production of collagen
22
Q
Caffeine is bad for the skin if?
A
Consumed in large quantities (4+) blocking absorption of nutrients
23
Q
Caffeine is found in?
A
Tea coffee, cocoa and fizzy drinks
24
Recommendation for someone who drinks a lot of caffeine?
Caffeine free products & herbal teas
25
Alcohol is bad for the skin because...?
It causes dehydration, prevents absorption of certain vitamins
26
If alcohol is drunk alot you will find?
Excess of broken capillaries
27
Alcohol causes...?
Sluggish skin
| Client to look older
28
Medication causes?
Fluid retention
Dehydration
Pigmentation problems
Sebaceous gland conditions
29
What does nutrition do for the skin?
Fuels replacement of cells
Maintains growth
Repairs and rehydrates skin
30
Sleep is essential for ?
Repairing tissues and growth
31
Lack of sleep makes you more likely to?
Become run down, pick up infections and feeling down
32
Body is how much percent water?
80%
33
The body needs water to…?
Function
34
Water helps the body's…?
Blood flow around the body
35
How much water should you drink a day?
8-10 glasses or 2 litres
36
Exercise is good for the body because…?
Increases your heart rate, gives your lungs a work out and stimulates the blood flow which shows in the skin.
37
Exercise boosts?
The immune system, stress levels are reduced and the heart functions better.
38
Exercise, encourage the client to?
Carry our an exercise activity 2-3 times a week.
39
Pregnancy hormones may affect?
The pigmentation of the skin and darker patches called chloasma may appear.
40
What is Chloasma and where is it found?
Dark patches on the skin and is commonly found along the hair line and on the neck or hands
41
A contra indication is?
Something that prevents you from doing a treatment
42
Four contra indications?
Bacterial infection
Viral infection
Parasitic infection
Severe nail separation
43
A restriction is?
Something which makes you modify the treatment
44
What is bacteria?
Minute single cell organisms of varied shapes
45
What is the difference between pathogenic and non-pathogenic?
Pathogenic bacteria can cause skin disease. Non-pathogenic bacteria are harmless.
46
Bacteria is
Airborne
47
What is Impetigo?
A highly contagious inflammatory infection.
48
Impetigo presents as?
Red itchy patches or spots. The skin then breaks and small blisters appear.
Honey coloured crusts then develop which leak serum and spreads easily.
49
What is conjunctivitis?
A highly infectious Inflammation of the mucous membrane that covers the eye end lines the eyelid.
50
Conjunctivitis presents as?
The eye becomes inflamed, very red, sore, watery and pus may be present.
One or both eyes may be infected
51
What is a stye?
Infection of the Sebaceous glands of the eyelash hair follicles
52
What does a stye look like?
Small lumps containing pus on the rim of the eyelid
53
What is a boil?
A red, raised painful lump will appear around a hair follicle and then pus will develop.
54
A boil may cause?
Scarring as it will extend deeply into the skin
55
What is a carbuncle?
Infection of numerous hair follicles
| A hard round abscess larger than a boil which oozes pus from several points upon its surface
56
Where are carbuncle usually found and what occurs after it has healed?
The back of the neck and scarring
57
What is a viral infection?
Viruses invade healthy body cells and multiply with in the cell: in due course the cell walls break down.
If you have had a virus you are always susceptible to it.
58
What is herpes simplex?
Recurring skin condition which causes inflammation of the skin in localised areas.red and itchy followed by a crust which may crack and weep tissue fluid.
59
When does herpes simplex occur?
When the skins resistance is lowered through stress or ill health, may also be caused by exposure of the skin to extreme temperature or ultra violet light
60
Is there a danger of secondary infection of herpes simplex and if yes what is it?
Yes danger of impetigo
61
What is the common name for herpes zoster?
Shingles
62
What is herpes zoster?
A painful disease where the virus attacks the sensory nerve endings.
Redness of the skin occurs along the line of the affected nerves.
Blisters develop and form crusts leaving purplish - pink pigmentation
63
What is a wart/verruca?
A raised growth on the skin that usually has a rough surface and is grey/yellow in colour. They are contagious and so must be totally avoided during treatment
64
What is an infestation?
When tiny animals/parasites/mites invade the body
65
What is scabies?
A condition which an animal/parasite burrows beneath the skin and invades the hair follicles
66
What does scabies present as?
Minute paupers and wavy greyish lines appear where dirt has entered the burrows
67
What can occur after scabies?
Secondary bacterial infection may occur as a result of scratching.
68
Where are scabies found?
Usually found in warm areas such as webs of fingers and the creases of the arm
69
What is a fungal disease?
Fungi are microscopic plants they are parasites dependant upon a host for their existence.
70
What do fungal diseases of the skin feed off?
The waste products of the skin.
71
Where are fungi found?
Some are found on the skins surface others attack the deeper tissue
72
What is tinea corpus?
Body Ringworm
73
What does tinea mean?
Ringworm
74
What does tinea corporis infectious?
Yes
75
What does tinea corporis present as?
First small red pimples
A flat scaley ring like lesion forms
This heals from the centre out wards
76
Name a sebaceous gland disorder?
Milia
77
What is milia?
Small hard perky white cysts commonly found around the eyes and cheeks
78
Is milia contagious?
No
79
What is a commedone?
A black head
80
Where are comedones found?
Commonly around the face upper back and chest
81
What are comedones?
Blocked pour - when reaches top oxidises and goes black
82
What is seborrhoea?
The follicle openings enlarge and excessive sebum is secreted
83
What does the skin look like with seborrhoea
Course and greasy; with comedones, pustules and papules
84
What is a sebaceous cyst?
Localised pockets of sacs of sebum which form in hair follicles or under the sebaceous glands in the skin.
85
What causes a sebaceous cyst?
The sebum becomes blocked causing a lump to form
86
Is a sebaceous cyst contagious?
No
87
What is acne vulgaris?
Linked to hormones of the body and is most common in teenage years
88
Hoe is acne vulgaris recognised?
```
Inflamed skin
Papules and pustules
Comedones
Open pours
Seborrhoea
```
89
What is seborrhoea?
Greasy shine
90
What is acne vulgaris caused by?
The influence of androgen hormone at puberty
91
How can acne vulgaris be treated?
Only once medical approval has been obtained
92
What is acne rosacea?
Excessive sebum secretion combines with a chronic inflammatory condition caused by dilation of the blood capillarys
93
Is acne rosacea contagious?
No
94
What does acne rosacea look like?
The skin becomes course the pores enlarge and the cheek and nose area become inflamed.
Sometimes swelling and producing a butterfly pattern
Blood circulation slows in the dialysed cappilaries creating a purplish appearance
95
What is hyper pigmentation?
Increased pigmentation
96
What is hypo pigmentation?
Loss of pigmentation
97
What are ephilades
Freckles
98
What do ephilades look like?
Small flat pigmentated areas darker than surrounding skin
99
What are liver spots?
Flat smooth irregularly shaped pigmented areas of skin
100
Where are liver spots found?
The back of the hands, forearms, the upper chest, the temples and the forehead
101
What is vitiligo?
Patches of complete white skin which have lost thier pigment or which have never pigmented
102
What is erythema?
An area of skin in which blood capillarys have dilated, due either to I just or imflammation
Skin appears red
103
What is a dilated capillary?
A capillary near the surface of the skin that are permanently dilated
Small red visible blood capillaries
104
What is a mole?
Skin condition that changes the cells of the skin resulting in malformation
105
What is psoriasis?
Red patches of skin appear covered by scale like waxy (silver) cells
It scratched will bleed
106
What are skin tags?
3mm-6mm
| Pink / skin coloured
107
What is hives?
A minor skin disorder caused by contact with an allergen either internally or externally
108
Hives presents as?
Erythema with raised, round whitish skin Weals, it can have intense burning or itching
109
What happens when a skin allergy occurs?
If sensitive the skin van become inflamed on contact with a particular substance.
110
What can cause a skin allergy?
Can be animal, chemical or vegetable substances?
May be eaten, inhaled or absorbed following skin contact
111
Allergic reaction appears?
Irritated, itching and discomfort with reddening and swelling.
112
Petrissage
Kneading /frictions
113
Effleurage
Stroking / link
114
Tapotement
Hacking /brisk
115
Eccrine glands are found where?
Everywhere
116
Apocrine glands are found where?
underarms, nipple and groin area and become active at puberty
117
Hair follicle is found where?
In the dermis but not present in palms of hands, the soles of feet or lips
Produce and contains the hair during life cycle
117
Hair shaft is?
Part of hair above the skin (visible)
117
Sebaceous glands are present where?
All over the body (except Palms of hand and feet)
117
Sebaceous glands produce?
sebum
118
Arrester pili muscle is?
A muscle attaches to the hair follicle
119
What does the arrester pili muscle do?
Makes hair stand on end when cold or frightened
| Goose bumps
120
Name the 2 types of nerves found in the skin?
Sensory nerves & motor nerves
121
Where are sensory nerves found and what do they do?
In the skin & they detect heat, touch, cold, pain & pressure
122
What do motor nerves do?
Bring messages from brain to bring about a response
123
Dermal papilla is?
Blood supply for the hair and follicle
124
Dermal papilla does?
Provide food and oxygen which are essential for growth of the hair
125
Subcutaneous layer also known as?
Adipose
126
What does the subcutaneous layer do?
Protection/ insulation, support and a food supply if needed
127
Name 6 benefits of mask?
```
Cleaning
Nourishing
Peeling
Refining
Soothing
Stimulating
```
128
Benefits of using calamine power ingredient?
Soothing & calamine
129
Ski type for calamine use?
Mature, sensitive, dehydrated or dry
130
Effect of using magnesium as a power ingredient?
Toning effect
131
Skin type for magnesium use?
Open pours, mature, normal & dry
132
Effect of using Kadin as power ingredient?
Stimulating effect
133
Use Kadin on which skin type?
Young, combination or oily
| Removal of waste products
134
Effects of fullers earth as power ingredient?
Stimulating
135
Fullers earth is used for which skin type?
Oily or sluggish circulation
136
The effect of Flowers of sulphur as a power ingredients is?
Drying
137
What type of skin is flower of sulphur used for?
ONLY PAPULES AND PUSTULES
138
Name the 5 active liquids from gentle to strong?
```
Distilled water
Almond oil
Rose water
Orange flower
Witch hazel
```
139
What type of skin will benefit from distilled water as an active liquid?
Sensitive, dehydrated
140
What type of skin will benefit from almond oil as an active liquid?
Dry or mature
141
What type of skin will benefit from rose water as an active liquid?
Normal
sensitive
dry
142
What type of skin will benefit from orange flower as an active liquid?
Normal
Combination
Young
143
What type of skin will benefit from witch hazel as an active liquid?
Blemishes, combination, oily
