N2 文法 Flashcards
〜際(に)
When / In case of / At that time
〜に際して・にあたって
On the occasion of / At the time of
〜たとたん(に)
Just as … an immediate unexpected occurrence
〜(か)と思うと・〜(か)と思ったら
Straight away a big change / Next incident occurs
〜か〜ないかのうちに
At the same time… finishes, the next thing occurs simultaneously
〜最中だ
in the middle of, in the midst of
〜うちに
whilst a certain situation holds
〜うちに
whilst doing… a change comes about
〜ばかりだ・〜一方だ
A change continues to advance (normally negative)
〜(よ)うとしている
Just about to… (happen / do)
〜つつある
An ongoing change continues (normally positive / neutral)
〜つつ
Whilst doing…, … is also done (ながら)
〜てはじめて
Not until after / I didn’t realise until after / It wasn’t until…
〜上(で)
After having done…, next action takes place
〜次第
After materialisation / Implementation, immediate action is done
〜て以来・〜てこのかた
Since then, ever since then
〜てからでないと・てからでなければ
Not until… is done / happens, will…
materialise / be possible
〜をはじめ(として)
Starting with / Not to mention
〜からして
Judging from / Based on / So, therefore…
〜にわたって
Throughout / Over a period of / Over a span of
〜を通して・〜を通じて
All throughout (a time period)
〜を通して・〜を通じて
Through / Via…
〜限り
As much as possible, to the best of one’s ability
〜だけ
As much as possible / As much as you (can / like)
〜に限り
Limited to…
〜限り(は)
Whilst a situation holds true, another situation will continue the same
〜限りでは
Based on X, Y can be said
〜に限って
Out of the ordinary
〜に限って
Particularly when…, something unfortunate happens
〜に限って
Particularly believing in…, so therefore… (can be said)
〜に限らず
Not only…, but also… (wider scale thing)
〜のみならず
Not only…, but there are others (on the same level)
〜ばかりか
Not only…, but even more so… / In addition to this
〜はもとより
Of course… is the case, but also…
〜上(に)
Not only…, in addition (moreover) another good / bad thing occurs
〜に関して
Regarding… / In relation to…
〜をめぐって
In relation to an argument / controversial issue / rumour
〜にかけては
Regarding…, (someone) is better than anyone else
〜に対して
To do something to another person / hold feelings regarding something
〜に対して
Regarding…, … is clearly different, so… can be said
〜にこたえて
In order to have a demand or expectation fulfilled, … is done
〜をもとに(して)
From…, … is produced / invented (Based on made from)
〜に基づいて
Based on, on the basis of
〜に沿って
Along / Parallel to / In accordance with (In order not to be disconnected
/ out of place, something is carried out)
〜のもとで・〜のもとに
Under the supervision / influence of…, a certain thing is done
〜向けだ
Intended for… / Orientated towards… / Aimed at…
〜につれて・〜にしたがって
As X changes, Y also changes (In accordance with)
〜に伴って・〜とともに
To be accompanied by / Together with
〜次第
Dependent upon…
〜に応じて
In accordance to… / In response to… / Dependent on…
〜につけて
When… is done, a certain feeling follows
〜やら〜やら
Such things as Y and X, and the like (more casual than 〜や〜など)
〜というか〜というか
Whilst X can be said, so too can Y
〜にしても〜にしても・〜にしろ〜にしろ・〜にせよ〜にせよ
Whether it’s X or Y, the same thing can be said
〜といった
Such a thing as… / Some such…
〜を問わず
Regardless of…
〜にかかわりなく・〜にかかわらず
Regardless of…, it results in the same way
〜も構わず
Regardless of…, an action is done without regard
はともかく(として)
For now disregard clause A, as clause B is more of a stressed point
〜はさておき
For now detach (yourself) away from clause A, as clause B is more important / necessary
〜わけがない
There is no way that… / It is impossible / … cannot be considered
〜どころではない・〜どころか
Far from / Anything but / Not at all
〜ものか・もんか・ものですか
Absolutely not!
〜わけではない・というわけではない
It is not necessarily the case that…
〜というものではない・〜というものでもない
Such a thing cannot be said / Is not the same
〜とは
Used to explain / define a vocabulary
〜といえば
Speaking of…, leads onto another related topic
〜といえば
On the one hand… can be said, but really (I) think that…
〜 というと・〜といえば・といったら
When one says X, immediately Y comes to mind (that is said)
〜(のこと)となると
When a certain topic comes up, (someone’s) attitude changes from normal
〜といったら
Something that is unusual to the extent it is emphasised
〜にもかかわらず
In spite of, nevertheless
〜ものの・とはいうものの
Although…, what one would imagine doesn’t happen
〜ながら(も)
In spite of…, the latter differs from expectations
〜つつ(も)
Even though / despite…, the latter actions differ from the norm
〜といっても
Although (I say / one might say)…, in actual fact… is the case
〜からといって
While it might be true that…, it is not the case that…, just because…
〜としたら・〜とすれば・〜とすると・〜となったら・〜となれば・〜となると
If… is the case, something will be done / become
〜ものなら
If… were possible, then (I) want (to do) … / must do …
〜(よ)うものなら
If… (is done / happens), then a 大変 situation will become of it
〜ないことには
If X (is not done / does not happen / does not exist), then Y will not materialise
〜を抜きにしては
If X is left out, then Y will not materialise
〜としても・〜にしても・にしろ・にせよ
Even if / though…, (the speaker’s actions / feelings are not impacted)
〜によって
Due to… / Because of… (can be positive, negative, or neutral)
〜ものだから・〜もので・〜もの
Because (excuse element)
〜おかげだ
Thanks to… a good thing results (gratitude / thanks)
〜せいか・せいだ
Perhaps because of… a bad thing results (blame element)
〜あまり・あまりの〜に
Because… was very…, an unusual (unfortunate) outcome
occurs
〜につき
Due to such a reason, a outcome exists (public announcement / notice)
〜ことだし
Other reasons exist too, but anyhow because of…, something is done
〜のことだから
Because of…, one can make an estimation (based on that norm)
〜だけに
As might be expected (from…), due to such and such being the case
〜ばかりに
(Simply) because…, on account of…
〜からには・〜以上(は)・〜上は
Because of…, doing… is natural
〜がたい
… is difficult, hard to do (〜にくい)
〜わけにはいかない・〜わけにもいかない
Impossible / cannot do (due to norms in society)
〜かねる
Not able to do… (from the standpoint of the speaker)
〜ようがない
Even if (I) wanted to…, (I) don’t know how to / there is no likelihood or possibility
〜どころではない
There is no possibility of such a situation
〜得る / 〜得ない
There is / isn’t a possibility. Able to do / not to do
〜わりに(は)
Considering…, the amount / extent is different to the norm
〜にしては
Considering such a fact / standard, the latter (result) is unexpected
〜だけ(のこと)ある
Expectations met with terms
〜として
As… (i.e in the role of) / For… (i.e from the viewpoint of)
〜にとって
From the perspective of…, such a thing can be said
〜にしたら・〜にすれば・〜にしてみれば・〜にしても
From (somebody else’s) standpoint, such a thing can be said
〜たところ
After… a certain result / situation is understood
〜きり
Ever since…, the same situation has continued
〜あげく
After various…, results in an unfortunate conclusion / In the end (after a long process)
〜末(に)
Finally / after / following…, final outcome happens
〜ところだった
Just as a situation was on the brink of happening, in fact it doesn’t happen
〜ずじまいだ
(I) intended to do…, yet in the end unable to (negative ending)
〜ぐらい・〜くらい
Amount is light / … is the minimum amount
〜など・〜なんか・〜なんて
Such things are of low value / not important
〜まで・〜までして・〜てまで
… is to such an extreme amount, (that one is prepared to do… / that the present situation is such)
〜として〜ない
… wholly not deny / e.g not even a single (person…)
〜さえ
Even
〜さえ〜ば
If only… / As long as…
〜てでも
Even if / No matter what / By any means (out of the ordinary)
〜とみえる
Seems like…
〜かねない
Possibility of unfortunate consequence (negative) (かもしれない )
〜おそれがある
Possibility of something bad happening (A fear / To dread…)
〜まい(1)
〜ないだろう
〜に違いない・〜に相違ない
Must be…
〜にきまっている
(I) absolutely think that…
〜ものだ
Generally speaking, … is natural / the truth
〜というものだ
Looking at it with common sense, certainly…
〜にすぎない
Just / Only / No more than
〜にほかならない
Nothing but, none other than
〜に越したことはない
There’s nothing better than…, it is better to…
〜しかない・〜よりほかない
Have no choice, there is nothing but
〜べきだ / 〜べきではない
Should do / Should not do
〜(よ)うではないか
Shall we…? / Shan’t we…?
〜ことだ
Important to do / important not to do… Ought to / ought not to…
〜ものだ / 〜ものではない
Should / shouldn’t do… Must / mustn’t do…
〜ことはない
Do not have to do…
〜ものか
Absolutely intend not to do…
〜てしかたがない・てしょうがない
… is inevitable / … cannot be helped
To hold a strong feeling towards
〜てたまらない
Cannot endure…
〜てならない
To have a strong feeling that…
〜ないではいられない・ずにはいられない
No matter how hard (I) tried, (I) couldn’t suppress…
〜ないわけに(は)いかない
Cannot not do (i.e Have to do) (しなければならない)
〜ざるを得ない
Suppressed into having to do something (that is out of one’s control, and don’t wish to do)
〜たいものだ・〜てほしいものだ
Want… / Strongly think that
〜ものだ
Used to…
〜ものだ
To have strong feelings about… / To have a strong interest / be amazed
〜ないもの(だろう)か
Implementation is difficult, but somehow (I) want… to become / materialise
〜ものがある
… has a certain feeling / sense / impression
〜ことだ
Is a truly (surprising, moving, sarcastic etc…) thing
〜ことだろう・〜ことか
To do / have… extremely largely. To feel… extremely so.
〜において
as for, regarding, in
〜に先立って
before / prior to
〜とはいいながら
while it might be the case that…, it is different to expectations
〜からすると・〜からいうと
in terms of / from the point of view of
〜こと
must / must no do
〜ことなく
without doing something even once
〜ことに
to my… (e.g own astonishment)
〜ことは〜が
although / but
〜ということだ・〜とのことだ
I’ve heard that / rumour has it that / it appears as if / it means that
〜わけだ・というわけだ
the fact is / for that reason
〜ところから・ことから
because / from the fact that
〜だの〜だの
and / and the like / and so forth (うんざりというニュアンスで例を挙げる)
〜のみ
only, nothing but
〜てはならない
must not / cannot / should not
〜ではあるまいか
〜ではないだろうか
〜まい(2)
〜するつもりはない・〜しないでおこう
〜(よ)うか〜まいか
〜しようか〜しないでおこうか
〜ようでは
if…, then (bad result)
〜ねばらない
have to do / must / should
〜かのように
as if; just like
〜だけましだ
it’s better than; one should feel grateful for
〜っこない
no chance of; … is definitely not possible