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N10-009 > N10-009-Section_5 > Flashcards

N10-009-Section_5 Flashcards

1
Q

Step 1 of Troubleshooting Methodology

A

Identify the problem - Gather Info, question users, Identify symptoms determine if anything has changed, duplicate the problem if possible, approach multiple problems individually

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2
Q

Step 2 of Troubleshooting Methodology

A

Establish a Theory of Probable Cause - Question the obvious, Consider multiple approaches (top to bottom/bottom to top OSI) divide and conquer

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3
Q

Step 3 of Troubleshooting Methodology

A

Test the Theory to Determine the Cause - if theory confirmed, determine next steps to resolve, if not confirmed, establish a new theory

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4
Q

Step 4 of Troubleshooting Methodology

A

Establish a plan of action to resolve the problem and identify potential effects

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5
Q

Step 5 of Troubleshooting Methodology

A

Implement the solution or escalate as necessary

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6
Q

Step 6 of Troubleshooting Methodology

A

Verify full system functionality and implement preventive measure if applicable

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7
Q

Step 7 of Troubleshooting Methodology

A

Document findings, actions, outcomes, and lessons learned throughout the process

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8
Q

Measurements for Single Mode Fiber cable

A

9/125 microns (um). This means the core is 9 and the cladding makes up 125 total

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9
Q

Measurements for Multi Mode Fiber cable

A

50/125 or 62.5/125. This means the core is 50-62.5 and the cladding makes up 125 total

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10
Q

Fiber and frequencies must match equipment

A

Signal errors will be seen on the interface

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11
Q

TIA

A

Telecommunications Industry Association. Sets standards for physical cables

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12
Q

XT

A

Crosstalk. Leaking of signal into other wires, either other pairs in twisted pairs or other cables completely. A lot of crosstalk is due to a bad connector, check your crimp

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13
Q

NEXT

A

Near End Cross Talk. Interference measured at the transmitting end. (The end plugged into the testing device)

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14
Q

FEXT

A

Far End Cross Talk. Interference measured at the receiving end. (The end plugged into the testing device receiver)

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15
Q

AXT

A

Alien Crosstalk. Interference from other cables

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16
Q

ACR

A

Attenuation to Crosstalk Ratio. Difference between insertion loss and NEXT. You can compare how much signal you’re losing total to the amount of signal you’re losing to crosstalk between wires. This is seen as SNR (Signal-to-Noise Ratio)

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17
Q

SNR

A

Signal to Noise Ratio 10:1 = good, 1:1 is bad

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18
Q

Attenuation

A

Signal strength diminishes over distance. Also diminishes over transfer to different mediums. (Connectors/interfaces)

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19
Q

Auto-MDIX

A

A technology on some NICs that can detect a mis-crimped cable and digitally account for the mismatch. Not reliable.

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20
Q

CRC

A

CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) is an error-detection technique used in digital networks and storage devices to ensure the integrity of data. It is a mathematical algorithm that generates a checksum (a short binary sequence) based on the contents of a data block. The checksum is appended to the data, and the receiver uses the same algorithm to verify that the data was transmitted or stored without errors.

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21
Q

Error Disabled (Port Status)

A

When a device disables an interface due to an error without human intervention (flapping interface or duplex mismatch) Must be administratively re-enabled

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22
Q

Administratively down (Port Status)

A

The device admin has intentionally turned off an interface

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23
Q

Suspended (Port Status)

A

The configuration is not compatible with the current connection, similar to Error Disabled, but occurs immediately

24
Q

Endspan (PoE)

A

Built in power from the switch

25
Q

Midspan (PoE)

A

In-line power from an injector

26
Q

PoE

A

802.3af. 15.4W DC power. 350 mA max current

27
Q

PoE+

A

802.3at. 25.5W DC power. 600 mA max current

28
Q

PoE++

A

Type 3=51W DC power. 600 mA max current, Type 4=71.3W DC power. 960 mA max current. Allows for 10GBase-T connecitons

29
Q

Describe switching loops

A

There is nothing at the MAC address level to identify loops, IP has TTL so IP loops wont happen. STP can be configured to avoid loops

30
Q

BPDU

A

Bridge Protocol Data Unit. A MAC layer multicast sent by a switch to other switches that contains configuration and topology changes. These are sent every 2 seconds to check in with the network, if 3 are missed the link is considered down

31
Q

STP

A

STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) is a network protocol used in Ethernet networks to prevent loops that can occur when there are multiple active paths between switches. It ensures a loop-free topology by selectively blocking redundant paths. Loops can cause broadcast storms, duplicate frames, and network congestion. STP avoids this by ensuring only one active path exists between any two network devices. STP dynamically adapts to network changes (e.g., a link or switch failure) by reactivating blocked paths as needed. STP uses a unique Bridge ID (switch priority + MAC address) to identify switches and determine the network topology.

32
Q

Root Bridge

A

Part of STP. All switches on a network elect a root bridge. Each switch is given a Bridge ID between 0 and 61440 and the lowest is the root.

33
Q

Root Port

A

STP. The port on a switch to get back to the Root Bridge

34
Q

Designated Port

A

STP. Active port that passes traffic, just not a Root port.

35
Q

Blocked Port

A

STP. A blocked port will be a port determined to cause a loop by STP, and therefore blocked. Can be unblocked if STP determines the main path is down.

36
Q

STP Port State, Blocking/Discarding

A

Not forwarding to prevent a loop

37
Q

STP Port State, Listening

A

Nor forwarding and cleaning the MAC table

38
Q

STP Port State, Learning

A

Not forwarding and adding to the MAC table

39
Q

STP Port State, Forwarding

A

Data passes through and is fully operational

40
Q

STP Port State, Disabled

A

Administrator has turned off the port

41
Q

Gateway of Last Resort

A

A route that is configured to handle traffic if there is nothing in the routing table that matches. Can be added statically. 0.0.0.0/0

42
Q

IPAM

A

IP Address Management - Keeps track of all IP addresses on your network - can help to manage DHCP scopes and provide additional rules to configure DHCP

43
Q

Jitter

A

Time between frames. For real-time data transfers, you want the frames to come in at a consistent pace. Jitter is the measurement of this consistency.

44
Q

Nmap

A

Network Mapper. Software that can find and learn about network devices. Scan ports to fine and ID open ports. Scan services on a device

45
Q

CDP

A

Cisco Discovery Protocol. Can provide info about the configurations of a switch and its interfaces. Can be used by switches to propagate information to other switches and devices.

46
Q

LLDP

A

Link Layer Discovery Protocol. Vendor neutral version of CDP. Gets information about the configuration of a switch and its interfaces

47
Q

DIG

A

Domain Information Groper. More advanced domain information, better than nslookup.

48
Q

SPAN

A

Switched Port ANalyzer. A software tap to intercept network traffic and capture packets.

49
Q

Visual Fault Locator

A

A flashlight for optical fiber, light will show through the fiber cable jacket if there is a fault

50
Q

Show mac-address-table / show mac address-table

A

Switch command. Or show mac-address-table

51
Q

Show route / show ip route

A

Routers maintain lists of the next hop. Shows the routing table

52
Q

Show interface / show interfaces FastEthernet 0/0

A

Shows config and monitor / performance info on an interface

53
Q

Show config / show running-config

A

Shows config

54
Q

Show arp

A

Views the arp cache

55
Q

Show vlan

A

Shows the vlan info for all ports and vlans on the switch

56
Q

Show power

A

List of interfaces and the PoE that�s being used

N10-009 (9 decks)

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