Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

step 2 ck neurology > N1 > Flashcards

N1 Flashcards

1
Q

Wernicke encephalopathy risk factors?

A

alcoholism(MC)
malnutrition
hyperemesis gravidarum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

pathophysiology?

A

Vit B1 thiamin deficiency)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Clinical fetcher?

A

encephalopathy
oculomotor dysfunction
postural and gait ataxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

managment?

A

IV thiamine followed by glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Korsakov syndrome?

A

aterograde and retrograde amnesia
confabulation
less common than WE,80%
irreversible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?

A

Damage to medial dorsal nucleus of the thalamus, mammillary bodies.
Presentation is the combination of
Wernicke encephalopathy and Korsakoff syndrome.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cerebellar examination?

A

finger to nose
heel to shine
If positive it indicates a cerebellar lesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

medication-induced delirium?

A

anticholinergic
benzodiazepins
opiates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Migraine symptom?

A

Episodic, severe,unilateral and throbbing headache
associated photophobia, phonophobia, and N/V
stay 4-24 hr
Aura

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Aura symptom?

A 
Focal, reversible neurologic symptom preceding or accompany the headache
Occur in 25% of patients
Visual(loss of vision, a wavy line)
Sensory(paraesthesia or numbness)
Auditory(sound hearing and hearing loss)
Motor(tremor and weakness)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What risk increase with a patient who has migraine with aura?

A

Ischemic stroke risk

Stop factor that increases thrombosis risk(like OCP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

managment?

A

abortive

preventive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

abortive?

A

NSAID
Triptans
Dihydroergotamine
Antiemetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Preventive?

A 
Proflaxix
Lifestyle change(sleep,exercise diet)
Beta-blocker
Amitriptyline
Topiramate
Valproate
Botulinum toxin
Anti CGRP monoclonal Ab
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

pathogenesis?

A

release of vasoactive peptides (like Sub. P and CGRP) due to irritation of CNV.menings or B/D vessels.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Chemotherapy-induced neuropathy characteristics?

A

Usually, start a week of treatment
Symmetrical paresthesia of finger and toe sparing proximal one(Glove -Stock)
Early loss of ankle reflex/jerk
Loss of pain and To
Occasionally motor symptoms result in weakness and bilateral foot drop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

causative drug?

A

Vinca alkaloid(vincristine)
PBD(e,g cisplatin)
Taxan(e.g-peclitaxin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Anterior cerebral artery occlusion?

A

Sudden
contralateral loss of motor and sensation in lower extremity
Upper motor sign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How to differentiate from diabetic neuropathy?

A

IN DP–Motor Weakness comes late, years after the glove-stocking symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What about in the case of spinal cord compression?

A

Gradual Sever back pain that worsens in a recumbent position/night.
UMN sign
early symmetric motor and sensory deficit
Decrease rectal sphincter tone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The diagnostic criterion for restless leg syndrome?

A

Urge to move leg and
Unpleasant sensation in legs or other bodies part that begins/worse during inactivity(lying down and sitting).
Unpleasant sensation in the leg that
relieved by movt,(walking and stretching)
worsen or only occur at night
A symptom not explained by another disease

The normal symptom are dysteasia (itching or crawling sensation), poor sleep, and No symptom of pheripherial neuropathy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Secondary causes?

A 
IDA
Uremia
DM
MS and Parkinson disease
Pregnancy
Medication(antidepresant,metocloperamide
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Treatment?

A

Mild/intermittent
suplement with Iron if ferritin <75
Use supportive measure(like massage, heating pad, and exercise)
Avoid triggering factors9medication)
Sever/persistent
First-line–Dopamine agonist–Pramipixol
Alternative–Alpha-2-delta-CC ligand(Gabapentin,encapril)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Cancer pain managment?

A

Mild
Moderate
Severe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Mild?

A

Non–opioid

Acetaminophen and NSAID

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Moderate?

A

weak opioid +- non-opoid
Codeine
Hydrocodone
Tramadol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Sever?

A

Short-acting opioid
Morphin
Hydromorphone
Then(If patient need a frequent injection and pain not controlled at night)
Calculate total daily need and convert to long-term (especially patient not took opioid to reduce risk of respiratory depression)
fentanyl patch
oxycodone
plus Short-acting opioid for breakthrough pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Common tumor metastasize to bone(mainly back)

A 
breast
prostate
lung
renal
multiple myeloma
29
Q

Diffuse axonal injury fetcher?

A

The most common cause of death in traumatic brain injury
Instantaneous loss of consciousness
persistent vegetative state
punctate hemorrhage with loss of white and gray matter differentiation on CT
But MRI is more sensitive

30
Q

Pathophysiology?

A

Acceleration–deceleration–rotational injury in brain part with high-density reference(gray and white matter)

31
Q

Lacunar stroke symptoms?

A

Pure contralateral motor lesion(common)
Contralateral arm, LE weakness –Posterior limb of IC
Contralateral UM Facial bulsy–Genu of IC
Pure sensory syndrome
Ataxic hemiparesis
Dysarthria–Clumsy hand syndrome
Absent sensory, MS change, seizure, and cortical sign
CT scan may be negative in first 6 Hr
If striatum involved –movt disorder

32
Q

pathophysiology?

A

HTN,DM, Hyperlipidemia and smoking—lipohyalinisis and atheroma formation in lenticular-striate artery–Ischemic infarction

33
Q

Carotid artery dissection symptom?

A

due to brain hypoperfusion and embolism–hed/neck pain followed by horner syndrome(SG injury)
Internal capsule
Subcortical white matter(e.g IC,CR)
Pons

34
Q

carotid artery thrombosis?

A

Visual symptom

All sign of brain hemisphere injury

35
Q

Clumsy hand syndrome?

A

The symptoms in the pure sensory type of lacunar syndrome are limited to “a persistent or transient numbness and mild sensory loss over one side of the body, including face, arm, and leg,” without associated hemiparesis, visual field defect, brainstem dysfunction, memory loss, dyslexia, or other deficits.
the base of pons or IC

36
Q

Evidences for vascular demensia?

A 
Early forgetfulness(unlike AD(memory deficit)
Late-onset memory impairment
Stepwise decrease in functioning
Having risk for ischemic stroke
Focal nurologic deficit
In the early phase transient improvement
37
Q

Imaging?

A

multiple Cortical and subcortical infarction with/without white matter injury

38
Q

In the case of NPH?

A

Ataxia followed dementia and urinary incontinence

39
Q

Tremor that occurs on activity?

A

Essential T
Physiologic T
cerebellar lesion

40
Q

Essential tremor?

A

usually Bilateral involvement of hand, not leg
Possible head involvement without dystonia
Usually no other neurologic deficit
improves with alcohol

41
Q

Cerebellar lesion?

A

Usually have associated ataxia, dysmetria, and gait disorder

Tremor increase when reaching the target

42
Q

Physiologic one?

A

Low amplitude-usually not visible under normal condition
Acute onset with increase sympathetic activity
(e.g drug, caffeine, anxiety, and hyperthyroidism)
usually worse with movement and involve face and UE

43
Q

essecial tremor managment?

A

Beta blocker-propranolol
Anticonvulsant(Primidone and topiramate)
BZD–restricted b/c of possible dependence
Deep brain stimulation and thalamotomy–For significant

44
Q

Type of gait?

A 
Cerebral
Gait apraxia(frontal get)
Parkinsonian
steppage
Parkisonian
45
Q

Cerebellar?

A

Staggering(to walk in an uncontrolled way, fall ver)
Wide based
Cerebellar swings from side to side(trunkal ataxia)

46
Q

Gait apraxia(frontal get)?

A 
Magnetic(freezing)--Difficulty in initiating foot
Start and turn hesitation
Dementia
Incontinence
frontal lobe sign
47
Q

parkinsonian?

A

Short step
Shuffling ( dragging one’s feet along or without lifting them fully from the ground)
Parkinson symptom

48
Q

steppage(high steping)?

A 
excessive flection of hip and knee
slapping quality 
fall
due to distal nerve injury/neuropathy
Usually due to LS radiculopathy or Common peroneal nerve injury resulting in foot drop
49
Q

Vestibular?

A 
Unsteady
Usually, fall one side
nausea and vertigo
Normal sensory, motor, and reflex
Due to labyrinthitis and meniere disease
50
Q

Gillian-Barie syndrome?

A

Paraesthesia or neuropathic pain
Symmetric ascending weakness
decrease/absent DTR
Autonomic dysfunction(e.g arrhythmia and ileus
Bulbar symptoms(dysarthria and respiratory compromise)
recent URT or GI infection

51
Q

Dysarthria?

A

difficult or unclear articulation of speech that is otherwise linguistically normal.

52
Q

Diagnosis?

A

Clinical
LP: High protein with normal WBC
Abnormal electromyography and nerve conduction

53
Q

managment?

A

Monitoring the autonomic and respiratory condition

IV Ig or plasmapheresis

54
Q

normal CSF analysis value?

A

WBC:1-5
Protein < 40
Glucose 40-70

55
Q

Medication-induced headache characteristics?

A

Nead daily headache insetting of acute headache meication
Occur inpatient with underlying headache(e.g migraine)
present > 3 month
change in the pattern/worsening of an existing headache
present upone awakening that improves for short period and rebound.

56
Q

most common drugs that cause this and management?

A

butalbital containing product
acetaminophen
opioids
managment is to stop the culprit drug and use preventive therapy for the underlying headache

57
Q

Symptom of myasthenia crisis?

A

Sign of respiratory failure
Exacerbation of generalized (proximal muscle weakness) and bulbar symptoms(e,g fatigable chewing, dysphagia, and nasal speech prior to the RF
Presence of precipitating factors

58
Q

precipitating factors and managment?

A 
Infection
surgery
pregnancy
medication
manage this patient in ICU and intubate them
59
Q

Medication?

A

Aminoglycoside
Floroquinolol
Beta blocker
Macrolide

60
Q

what about botulism?

A

prodromal GI symptoms will be there

61
Q

West-Nile encephalitis?

A

Headache
Fever
Confusion
Asymmetric limb paralysis

62
Q

face motor innervation?

A

Upper part: Bilateral cerebral cortex

Lower part: from the contralateral cortex

63
Q

symptoms of bells palsy?

A

Upper and lower face palsy
Hyperacusis(weakness of stapedius)
Loss of taste in anterior 2/3 (loss of Corda tympani nerve)
Ipsilateral decreased lacrimation9due to parasympathetic nerve injury)

64
Q

cryptococal meningitis feuture?

A

In HIV patient with CD4 < 100
Sign of Increased ICP
Centrally umblicated skin lesion mimicking MC(due to hematogenous dissimination.
Diagnose with LP(also used as therapeutic)
On imaging, the patient may have no lesion except ventriculomegaly (due to yeast obstruct arachnoid vili)

65
Q

Goldinium enhanced MRI used in?

A

PML(see white matter lesion)

66
Q

acute dystonia?

A

sustained and sudden contraction of neck, mouth, eye, and tongue muscle.
Present as torticollis, blepharospasm, and trismus
Occur mainly after usage of first-generation antipsychotics(HTF) or metoclopramide

67
Q

managment?

A

Anticholinergic (Benzothropin and trihexyphenidyl)

stop or reduce the dose of the inciting drug

68
Q

Medial medullary syndrome sign?

A

contralateral paralysis(PT injury)
Tongu deviate to the side of the lesion(hypoglossal nerve lesion)
defect in position and vibration sensation(medial laminiscus)
Is due to anterior spinal artery /Vertebral artery injury

step 2 ck neurology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions