N-EVAL Flashcards
What is a stroke?
A stroke occurs when blood flow to a part of the brain is interrupted or reduced, depriving brain tissue of oxygen and nutrients.
What are the two main types of strokes?
Ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke.
True or False: Ischemic stroke is more common than hemorrhagic stroke.
True
What is the most common cause of ischemic stroke?
A blood clot that blocks a blood vessel in the brain.
What is the most common cause of hemorrhagic stroke?
Weakened blood vessels that rupture and bleed into the brain.
What are some risk factors for stroke?
High blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, high cholesterol, and obesity.
What are some common symptoms of stroke?
Sudden numbness or weakness in the face, arm, or leg, especially on one side of the body; sudden confusion, trouble speaking, or difficulty understanding speech; sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes; sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance, or lack of coordination; sudden severe headache with no known cause.
What is the acronym used to remember common stroke symptoms?
FAST - Face drooping, Arm weakness, Speech difficulty, Time to call 911.
What is the immediate treatment for ischemic stroke?
Administration of clot-busting drugs or a procedure to remove the clot.
What is the immediate treatment for hemorrhagic stroke?
Surgery to repair the blood vessel or stop the bleeding.
True or False: Strokes can occur at any age, including in infants.
True
True or False: Strokes are always fatal.
False
True or False: High blood pressure is a major risk factor for stroke.
True
True or False: Stroke is a medical emergency that requires immediate treatment.
True
What are the 3 categories/levels of stroke syndrome?
Cortical
Subcortical
Brainstem
Pathophysiology:
When there is a cessation of cerebral blood flow what will emerge?
Ischemia triggers ISCHEMIC CASCADE
Ischemic cascade is the release of ?
Neurotransmitter - Glutamate and Aspartate
T or F
When glutamate and aspartate releases, there will be a progressive disturbance of energy metabolism & anoxic depolarization = inability of braincells to produce ATP
true, this will cause the influx of Ca+ ion
What structures are involved in ACA syndrome?
(Medial aspect of cortex)
Frontal
- Primary motor area
- Internal Capsule
Parietal
- Primary somatosensory area
Posteromedial aspect of superior frontal gyrus
- Paracentral lobule
4/5 Corpus Callosum
What is the difference between hemiplegia and hemiparesis?
Hemiplegia - complete paralysis on one side
Hemiparesis - weakness of the one side of the body
Strongly associated with hypertensive hemorrhage and diabetic microvascular disease.
Lacunar Stroke
