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Reviewer 2: N+ > N+ Chapter 5 > Flashcards

N+ Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

List of connectivity devices (p. 133)

A
  1. NIC
  2. Hub
  3. Bridge
  4. Basic switch
  5. Basic router
  6. Basic firewall
  7. IDS/IPS/HIDS
  8. Access point
  9. Wireless range extender
  10. Contention methods
  11. DHCP server
  12. Load balancer
  13. Proxy server
  14. Cable modem
  15. DSL modem
  16. Repeater
  17. Voice gateway
  18. Media converter
  19. VPN headend
  20. VOIP phone
  21. Printer
  22. Physical access control devices
  23. Cameras
  24. HVAC sensors
  25. IoT
  26. Refrigerator
  27. Smart speakers
  28. Smart thermostats
  29. Smart doorbells
  30. Industrial control systems/supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA)
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2
Q
  1. Installed in your computer to connect your computer to the internet
  2. Layer 2 device –> uses MAC address for communication (Data Link layer)
  3. Provides PHYSICAL, ELECTRICAL, and ELECTRONIC connections to the network media
  4. Can be an EXPANSION CARD or BUILT-IN INTO THE MOTHERBOARD
    ***** Common now: built into motherboards
  5. Can provide 10, 100, and 1,000 Mbps
  6. Ethernet speed increasing with 25, 40, and 100 G
A

NIC

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3
Q
  1. LED lights of NIC (usually green), indicating that connection has been established
  2. Flickers when traffic is being passed back or forth
    ***** No standard for NIC LEDs
    (p. 134)
A

Link light

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4
Q

Automatically assigns IP addresses to hosts

A

DHCP

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5
Q

Addressing hosts manually

A

Static assignment/static IP addressing

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6
Q

What happens if the DHCP server isn’t on the same segment as a DHCP client?

A

The broadcast won’t be received by the server because BY DEFAULT, routers won’t forward broadcasts

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7
Q

Sending request to one server or destination IP

A

Unicast

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8
Q

Sending request to multiple servers

A

Broadcast

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9
Q

True or False: It is possible to have DHCP server on every network segment, but that is not necessary because of the routers forwarding ability

A

True

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10
Q

Provide IP configuration for hosts on a specific subnet

Can provide the following to DHCP clients:
1. TTL
2. DNS server
3. TFTP server –> especially important for IP phones that need to get a configuration for a TFTP server

A

Scope options

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11
Q

The amount of time before the IP address and other DHCP information expires on the client (p. 150)

*** Important because it tells you that the DHCP server is no longer handing out IP addresses to hosts

*** Fix: check server settings

A

Lease time

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12
Q

Used by Windows for name resolution

A

NetBIOS information

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13
Q

Host always receives the same IP address because of this.

A

Reservation list/MAC reservation

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14
Q

Why is it called MAC reservation?

A

Reservation is made on the basis of the router interface Mac address

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15
Q

When to use reservation list?

A
  1. You would use this reservation list for routers or servers if they were not statically assigned
  2. You can use the reservation list for any host on your network as well
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16
Q

What layer is DHCP?

A

Application layer

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17
Q

Ports for DHCP

A

67 and 68

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18
Q

What do you need to do if you need to provide addresses from a DHCP server to host that aren’t on the same LAN as a DHCP server?
*** If we don’t do this, the request will just be dropped.

A

DHCP relay

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19
Q

Configuring router interface to relay or forward the DHCP client requests

A

DHCP relay

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20
Q

ip helper-address

Ex:
Router#config t
Router(config)#int fa0/0
Router(config-if)#ip helper-address 10.10.10.254

A

Command that can be used for DHCP relay

Used to forward DHCP broadcasts to where they need to go

Traffic for UDP ports are automatically forwarded to the specified address

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21
Q

Phonebook of the internet

A

DNS system

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22
Q

FQDN stands for:

A

Fully Qualified Domain Name

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23
Q

hostname and domain name

A

FQDN/Fully Qualified Domain Name

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24
Q

name of a device that has a specific IP address

A

Hostname

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25
Q

The process of finding the IP address for any given hostname

A

Name resolution

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26
Q

Name resolution ways:

A
  1. hosts file –> statically type all the names and the IP addresses of all hosts
  2. request broadcast on the local network –> Microsoft’s fave
  3. DNS
  4. WINS - Windows Internet Naming Service
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27
Q

How are domains arranged on the internet?

A

Hierarchical structure

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28
Q

Top-level domain is called:

A

Root

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29
Q

Gives the IP address of a domain or host

A

A record or address record

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30
Q

In IPV6, A record is called:

A

Quad-A or AAAA record

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31
Q

If you know the IP address and want to know the host name

A

Pointer record (PTR)

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32
Q

Translates mail records and points to the mail exchanger for particular hosts

A

Mail Exchange record (MX record)

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33
Q

Indicates the order in which they should be accessed by other mail delivery systems

A

Priority code

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34
Q

Other names for CName

A

canonical name; alias record

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35
Q

Allows hosts to have more than one name

A

CName

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36
Q

If you want a machine to have the the name FTP so that users can use FTP to access a different portion of the file system as an FTP root, how can accomplish this?

A

CName record

Ex. p.157

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37
Q

Allow us to update standby servers and have some redundancy in our DNS deployments and distribute the workload across multiple DNS servers

A

Zone transfers

38
Q

All devices use a cache system that stores the requests locally for a period of time and this tells the client how long that should be

A

TTL (Time to Live)

39
Q

To have the client communicate with multiple DNS servers during the name resolution process

A

Iterative DNS query

40
Q

One DNS server will query other DNS servers instead of the client performing all of the operations

A

Recursive lookup

41
Q

What layer is DNS?

A

Application layer

42
Q

Port for DNS queries

A

UDP port 53

43
Q

IP address to name mapping records

A

PTR records

44
Q

PTR records reside here, and are used when IP adddress is known but not a name

A

Reverse lookup zone or table

45
Q

Stores information about the DNS domain or zone

  1. How to contact admin
  2. When was the domain last updated
  3. How long the server should wait between refreshers
A

SOA record (Start of Authority)

46
Q

Hosts register their names with the DNS server as they receive their IP address configuration from the DHCP server

A

Dynamic assignment/Dynamic DNS

47
Q

Just connects network segments together

A

Hub

48
Q

Segments the network using MAC addresses

A

Switch/bridge

49
Q

Segments the network using logical addressing (IP and IPV6)

A

Router

50
Q

Breakup collision domains

A

Switches

51
Q

Breakup broadcast domains by default

A

Routers

52
Q

What layer is the router

A

Layer 3

53
Q

Other names for router

A

Layer 3 switch or multilayer switch

54
Q
  1. Keeps a LAN somewhat separated from the Internet, which increases security and filtering control
  2. Has the tendency to speed up Internet access through caching of recently used web pages
A

Proxy server

55
Q

Performed to make sure that the servers are operational

A

Health checks

56
Q

Allows incoming connections to be spread out across multiple servers for scalability and resiliency

Publishes a virtual IP address to a domain to receive incoming traffic, then has a pool of real servers that it distributes the contents to

A

Load balancer

57
Q

Can decrease the workload of other systems and add functionality that may be present in dedicated devices

A

VPN concentrators

58
Q

Let you configure the complete network on a single device and push the configurations out to the Wi-Fi access points

A

Wireless LAN controllers

59
Q

Also tunnel the user data back to the controller, which then forwards the traffic onto the LAN.

A

Access points

60
Q

Provide accurate date and time information to servers and networking equipment

A

NTP servers

61
Q
  1. A cool temperature
  2. Ample ventilation
  3. Proper humidity level
A

Environmental requirements of infrastructure devices

62
Q

This device ends and receives information about the network layer

A

Router

63
Q

This layer creates a virtual circuit before transmitting between two end stations

A

Transport

64
Q

Layer three switch or multi layer switch

A

Router

65
Q

This device uses hardware to filter a network

A

Bridge/switch

66
Q

Ethernet is defined at these layers

A

Data link and Physical

67
Q

This layer supports flow control and sequencing

A

Transport

68
Q

This device can measure the distance to a remote network

A

Router

69
Q

Logical addressing is used at this layer

A

Network

70
Q

Hardware addresses are defined at this layer

A

Data link (MAC sublayer)

71
Q

This device creates one big collection domain and one large broadcast domain

Connects all segments of the network together in a star topology ethernet network

Does not segment network

Glorified repeaters

This hardware device will create the most traffic collisions

A

Hub

72
Q

This device creates many smaller collision domains, but the network is still one large broadcast domain

A

Bridge/switch

73
Q

This device can never run full duplex

Layer 1 device

A

Hub

74
Q

This device breaks up collision domains and broadcast domains.

Creates and maintains broadcast domains and connectivity of WAN services

A

Router

75
Q

Connects 2 similar network segments together

Main function: keep traffic separated on either side of it, breaking up collision domains; divides busy network into 2 segments

Layer 2 device

A

Bridge

76
Q

Connect multiple segments of a network together

Recognizes frames, source and destination MAC addresses, and receiving port

Layer 2 device

A

Switch

77
Q

If the switch can’t figure out the location of the frame’s destination…

A

it will flood the frame out of every port except the one on which the frame port was received

78
Q

Device that is software-based

A

Bridges

79
Q

Device that is hardware-based, multiport bridge

A

Switch

80
Q

SOHO stands for:

A

Small Office Home Office

81
Q

A device that can function like other devices like firewalls

A

Router

82
Q
  • IP address is expected to be configured on each interface
  • Not enabled by default
  • A good network design must be considered before installing it
A

Router

83
Q
  • IP address is not needed
  • Enabled by default
  • Very good at autodetecting the speed, duplex, and ethernet cable
    type
  • Plug and play
  • All ports are set to duplex by default
  • Speed is set to auto
A

Switch

84
Q

Ideal speed config for switches

A

Force 1000 and full duplex

85
Q

Command to check config

A

Switch#sh running-config

86
Q

Command to check speed and duplex options

A

Switch(config-if)#speed ?
Switch(config-if)#duplex ?

87
Q

Another term for stand alone firewall

A

black box

88
Q

Intermediary network
Screened subnet

A

DMZ (Demilitarized Zone)

89
Q

First line of defense for an inter-connected network

A

Firewall

90
Q
A

Reviewer 2: N+ (2 decks)

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