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Wset Diploma Unit 3 > N America USA > Flashcards

N America USA Flashcards

1
Q

East coast-

European settlers arrive & begin planting local varieties

A

16th

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2
Q

East coast-

Haphazard and unsuccessful import of vinifera due to extreme climates, local pests & disease.

A

17/18th

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3
Q

East coast-

First successful commercial wine production based on Lambrusca/ Vinifera hybrid based Alexander grape.

A

1806

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4
Q

East coast-

Introduction of Catawba, Delaware, Isabella & Norton (American hybrids) for production of white.

Wine developing mostly in the east (Pennsylvania, Ohio, Missouri)

A

1800- 1850

1830- Nicholas longworth, banker/ winemaker. Produces sparkling Catawba in Ohio.
💣 then. Ohio vineyards destroyed by black rot & industry moves to finger lakes.

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5
Q

East coast-

Introduction of the hardy and foxy Concord grape

A

1854

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6
Q

East coast-

Winegrowing spreads to New Jersey, Virginia and Arkansas. NY specialising in sparkling.

A

1919

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7
Q

East coast-

Prohibition kills the industry

A

1920/33

Only sale of grapes for home use

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8
Q

East coast-

Decline of wine industry

A

1945- 1960

Ohio goes from 149- to 47 wineries

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9
Q

East coast-

BOOM following introduction of French hybrids.

A

1970-00’s

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10
Q

West coast -

Spanish settlers, cultivate in Mexico.

A

16th

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11
Q

West coast -

San Diego missionaries planted California’s first vineyard with ‘mission’ (Criolla Chica)

A

1769

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12
Q

West coast -

Sonoma mission station. Most northern Californian point reached by monks established.

A

1823

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13
Q

West coast -

J-L Vignes from Bordeaux founded winery w/ French vines in California.

A

1833

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14
Q

West coast -

Gold found on Sacramento -> Gold rush & mass immigration -> wine industry boom in Sonoma/Napa/Sierra foothills.

A

1848

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15
Q

West coast -

Agostin Haraszthy introduces 300 varieties including Zinfandel.

A

1851-61

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16
Q

West coast -

Prussian Charles Krug establishes at Mt St Helena in Napa & trains winemakers.
- Another 140 wineries would follow standing up to European Fine wines.

17
Q

West coast -

California wine association founded

A

1894

Union of regions largest producers

18
Q

West coast -

Prohibition killed the industry. Only sale of grapes for home use allowed.

19
Q

West coast -

Wine institute of California founded to promote wines of region.

20
Q

West coast -

Marked decline - only 25 wineries in Napa

A

1945-1960

140 in 1880’s -> 25 in 1960 -> 400 now

21
Q

West coast -

Mondavi family, who owned Krug, creates own winery in Napa
-> Kick starts the industry

22
Q

West coast -

First commercial wines in Washington state- Now second biggest US producer.

23
Q

West coast -

  • Boom of new wineries large & small. (California from 240-1,700).
  • Innovation in tech.
  • Introduction of European methods.
  • Foreign investment (notably champagne houses)
  • Development of vineyards in Washington, Oregon & Texas thanks to modern solutions to old problems.
A

1970’s- Now

24
Q

California responsible for how much of US production?

Length width?

How many AVAs?

A

90%

1,100km N to S, 90km wide

100 AVAs

25
California climate?
Mediterranean. Moderated by sea fogs and cool sea winds -> slows ripening of grapes. Dry, low rainfall. Spring frost.
26
North coast (55,000ha) Warms to cool Mediterranean. Three key areas N-S-
NORTH COAST (55,000ha) Mendocino County AVA - Anderson Valley: Coastal, fogs, breeze -> v cool growing season. Great Zinfandel higher up. PN, Riesling, Gewürztraminer. Roederer in 82. - Medoncino: Higher area + protected from fog and wind -> warmer-> full bodied, soft Cab Sav / petit Syrah. - Clear lake, birthplace of kendell Jackson. Sonoma Country AVA (24,000) - Birthplace of California fine wine. Variety of climates. - Gallo Sonoma lobbied for AVA. - 55 wineries. Russian River Valley - Forms wide gap in coastal range -> cooler. Great PN and Chard. Dry Creek Valley - West of Healdsburg; Clay&gravel great for SB & Zin Alexander Valley - Further east. Warmer & alluvial. Geyserville Zin Napa Valley (18,000ha) - Overtook Sonoma for fine wine. 4% California’s production. - S Napa (Napa - Yountville) RI cool w/ fog from San Pablo bay. - Central Napa (Yountville - St Helena) RII Afternoon fog - N Napa (towards Castiloga) RIII less bay influence & more altitude. - 150 soil types but good for drainage aspect & drainage Stags leap: red soils & soft tannins Oakville: complex soils, cool, opus one. Rutherford: gravelly clay. Rutherford bench for spice and density. St Helena: warmer, rich cults. Cab/ Chard Castiloga: Mountains, powerful cab/ Zin. Howell mountains: NE, mountains, 1,400m Cab & Zin Los Carneros - Crosses base of Napa and Sonoma. Can label any AVA. - Mild/ dry w/ fog off bay + cool winds. - Ideal for PN & Chard (sparkling from freixenets ‘gloria Ferrer’) NORTH CENTRAL COAST - San Francisco Bay -> San Lucas. 28 sub AVAs. - Moderate climate in valleys. (Fog) warmer in mountains Livermore Valley AVA - Mainly white, SB. Wente dominates 650ha. Santa Cruz AVA - cooler region w/ poor soil. PN, Cab, Riesling - Ridge, Fogarty, Mt Eden. Silicon Valley/ Santa Clara Valley AVA’s - Rich vinous history. Now experimental. Monterey Country AVA - Picturesque, cool climate, low rainfall. (Irrigation). Chard & Merlot. - Largest central coast wine region. Huge farms. Tarnished image. - Arroy Seco AVA, Santa Lucia AVA, Carmel Valley AVA, Chalon AVA SOUTH CENTRAL COAST. - From Paso Robles faceing west. Good airflow from Pacific. - Maritime, mild wet winters, cooler summers than rest of Cali. San Louis Obispo County - Experimental with Rhône and Italian varieties Paso Robles AVA: Hot & fertile east, Cool and diverse west (Santa Clara) Edna Valley: Region I, by San Louis obispo. Chard and PN + GSM Arroyo Grande: one of coolest in Cali. Santa Barbera County (8,000ha) - rain free & v mild. long growing season. - 3 promising AVAs Santa Maria Valley AVA: PN & Chard. Qupe, Au Bon Climate. Santa Ynez Valley AVA: Diurnal. Bdx grapes & roussane, ries gewrz.
27
Central Valley
80% total Cali production. Quantity focused. Hot (IV/ V) Divides between Sacramento and San Joaquin valley San Joaquin Valley (40,000ha) - majority of bulk wine - hot and dry - Intensive agriculture and modern irrigation - v modern wineries- home to Gallo, constellation & mondavi invest. - 2 distinct AVA (Lodi Ava) S of Sacramento, rich soil, higher land. Zin & Viognier (Clarksberg Ava) fog and lakes mediate. Chenin B + Varies grapes
28
Sierra foot hills
Gold rush country & wine producing since 1850s. Less than 1% of production. Hot days cool nights. Concentrated wines Old vine Zin & Italian. El dorado AVA - 600m- 1,160m, Cab Sav, ries, Syrah, - FairPlay Ava, isolated Amador County - Warmer, less elevation - Shenandoah Valley, hearty Zin, SB, Sangio, Syrah - Fiddletown: famous for old vine Zin Yuba County North Yuba: AVA for one winery, Renaissance - Cab Sav, Riesling, 500m

Wset Diploma Unit 3 (4 decks)

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