mythology Flashcards
the ‘lore’ (traditional knowledge and beliefs) of cultures having no written language.
Folklore
other term for folklore
oral lore
Authors are unknown or unidentifiable.
Folklore
- they are entertaining, they embody the culture’s belief system, and they contain fundamental human truths (anger, sadness, happiness, love, etc.) by which people have lived for centuries.
Folklore
GENRES OF FOLK LITERATURE
Myths, Legends, Tall tales, Folk tales, Epics, Fables
Mostly supernaturals, have magical or mythical elements, and it may be factual or not. Do not have any supporting evidence for past events.
Myths
Have factual basis. It may have evidence to support past events that actually happened.
Legend
A story that is very difficult to believe: A greatly exaggerated story. Exaggerations of something. Passed by word of mouth. (Ex: Hahabulin ka ng plantsa kasi ang gusot ng damit mo.)
Tall tales
A fictional story that has been orally passed down over hundreds, sometimes thousands, of years. No known author.
Folk Tales
A long story about a hero that serves as an organizing point of cultural or social identity. Stories of heroes.
Epic
A short moral story, usually featuring animals that behave and speak as human beings. Animals are the characters in the story.
Fables
a supposition or a system of ideas intended to explain something. Always have basis.
Theory
- A plausible or scientifically acceptable general principle or body of principles offered to explain phenomena.
Theory
Ancient theories
Rationalism, Etymological, Allegorical, Euhemerism
Modern Theories
Naturalism, Ritualism, Diffusionism, Evolutionism, Freudianism, Jungian Archetype, Structuralism, Historical-critical
the view that regards reason as the chief source and test of knowledge. Represent logical thinking.
Rationalism
Related to folk literature, stories represent an early form of logical thinking — logical basis.
Rationalism
is the investigation of word histories. Tracing the origin of words.
Etymological
It states all myths derive from and can be traced back to certain words in the language. (Ex: Hera > connect with Greek as season, ripe for marriage, and Plato “beloved” as Zeus married her for love.)
Etymological
– Allegory, in literature, have taken many forms, from mere emblems like the eagle and the dove, to the simple fables of Aesop
Allegorical
All myths contain hidden meanings which the narrative do not provide or encode to its readers.
Allegorical
Originated from Euhemerus, a Greek who loved from 325-275 BC. Greek gods were created from real stories about humans and historical events.
Euhemerism
It was proposed on this theory that myths arise from historical events which were merely exaggerated.
Euhemerism
the belief that nature is all that exists, and that all things supernatural (including gods, spirits, souls and non-natural values) therefore do not exist. Nature is all that exists, all supernatural things do not exist.
Naturalism
In other sources, according to this theory, all myths are invented to accompany and explain religious ritual; they describe the significant events which have resulted in a particular ceremony.
Naturalism
Ritual theories assert that focused interaction, which these theories refer to as ritual, is at the heart of all social dynamics.
Ritualism
: According to the myth-ritualist theory, religion is primitive science: through myth and ritual, which operate together and constitute its core, religion magically manipulates the world. “Prayer answers everything.”
Ritualism
Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) Theory, developed by E.M. Rogers in 1962. It originated in communication to explain how, over time, an idea or product gains momentum and diffuses (or spreads) through a specific population or social system.
Diffusionism
In mythology, the _____ maintain that all myths arose from a few major cultural centers and spread throughout the world.
Diffusionism
The theory of _____,by natural selection, first formulated in Darwin’s book “On the Origin of Species” in 1859, is the process by which organisms change over time as a result of changes in heritable physical or behavioral traits.
Evolutionism
Myth making occurs at a certain stage in the evolution of the human mind.
Evolutionism
Sexual desires are put on the characteristics of the Gods and Goddesses.
Freudianism
beliefs and practices, particularly the mechanism of psychological repression, the centrality of sexual desire to the development of the persona, and the efficacy of the “talking cure” or psychoanalytic technique.
Freudianism
They are eliminated from the conscious mind but continues to exist within the individual in some other form. Sometimes these feelings emerge into consciousness under various disguises, one of which is the myth.
Freudianism
Each individual possesses a collective unconscious which he or she inherits genetically. General term but different version of feelings or emotions (Ex: Love > may be painful to others and wonderful to you.)
Jungian Archetypes
Theory by Carl Jung
Jungian Archetypes
It contains very general ideas, themes or motif which are passed along from one generation to another and are retained as part of our human inheritance.
Jungian Archetypes
A recently-developed theory and is closely aligned with the research of linguists.
Structuralism
In this theory, all human behavior, the way one eats, speak, and etc., is patterned into codes which have the characteristics of language.
Structuralism
In understanding real meaning of myth, one must engage and analyze it linguistically
Structuralism
This theory asserts that there are multitude of factors which influence the origin and development of myths and that no single explanation will suffice
Historical-Critical
In view of folk literature, one must examine each story individually to see how it began and evolved.
Historical critical
