Myomorphs and Histricomorphs Flashcards
what are myomorphs
includes: muridae (rat and mouse) and cricetidae (gerbil, hamsters)
what are Hystricomorphs
cavidae (GPs), chinchillidae, octodontidae (degu)
basic features of muridae breeding
polyoestrous oestrous q4-5d ~20d gest (rats - 22d; mice 19) altricial females = short ano-genital distance 5x pairs mamm glands
what is a common respiratory syndrome of mice
murine resp mycoplasmosis (MRM)
- chronic pneumonia
- sup rhinintis
- OM
- pulm abscessation
mammary neoplasia are common in mice, are they malig or benign
malignant
loally invasive
adenocarcinoma#
predisp factors are stress, retroviruses, hormone
resp disease are v common in rodents, and mycoplasma pulmonis is ubiquitous. describe the disease transmission, signs..
aerosol, in utero and at birth - transmission
life long infection
sign s- bronchopneumonia, kg loss, lethargy, dyspnoea
flare up common
RATS get this with strep pneumonia and c. kutscheri
unlike in mice, mammary tumours in rats are usually (80%) benign fibroadenoma. what sx action can reuce the risk
Ovari-ectomy. concurrently seen with pit gland tumours
what are the clinical signs of rats with a pit gland hyperplasia or adenoma
anorexic -'pit cachexia' kg loss, muscle atrophy chromo-dacryoorhea head tilts - vestibular n dysfct ataxia, circling, seizures *may release XS ACTH => HAC*
what is the presenting sign of a radiculo-neuropathy in rats
progressive worsening HL paresis
hamsters and gerbils are cricetidae and they both can suffer from HAC, what is the most common signalment
older (male hamsters)
Syrian hamsters get benign adreno-cortical adenomas
what diseases are part of the ‘breed gerbil disease complex’
- HAC
- b vessel mineralisation
- myocardial necrosis and fibrosis
- DM
are the signs of hamster hypothyroidism, DM and cardiomyopathy equivalent to dogs and cats
YES
what is the normal water intake for a hamster
<10ml/kg/d
what neoplasia can hamsters get
melanoma + melanocytoma: males++, cutaneous
epitheliotrophic lymphoma (mycosis fungoides): cutaneous
hamster papovavirus: transmissible lymphoma, cutaneous. wart-like lesions - DOESNT resolve
what are the signs of cystic ovarian disease in gerbils
>400do (in 50% females) symmet alopecia poor coat qual abdo distension dyspnoea tx = OVH, drain
what neurological conditions develops in poorly handled gerbils
EPILEPSY! prevent it if handle well in first 3wks of life
what basic treatment do you give for resp diseases in rodents
- supportive (O2, nebulisation)
- mucolytics (N-acetylcysteine, bromhexine)
- bronchodil
- NSIADs
- Vit C
- reduce NH3
what resp diseases are commonly seen in GPs
- bordatella bronchiseptica
- *rabbits are carriers**
- strep. pneumonia
- kebsiella
what resp disease do mice get otherthan mycoplasma pulmonis
cilia-assoc reps bacillus (CAR) and sendai virus (2nd most common)
what hystricomorph spp commonly gets urolithiasis and why
GPs
diet high in Ca and oxalates
what is a common cause of d++ in chinchilla and GPs
dandelion! (laxative plant)
what causes ‘wet tail’ in hamsters, 3-8wo
lawsonia intracellularis = prolif enteritis (same as in piggies)
name other d+ causing pathogens to affect rodents
e coli salmonella clostridium piliforme (tyzzers) clostridium spiriforme (causes Abx-assoc d+ in hamsters) Yersinia pseudo-tb coccidiosis - eimeria trichomonas giardia
why do GPs get flystrike
fat
old
cant reach bum - caecotrophs gets stuck they also have stupid flap-thing
what does trixacarus caviae causes
seizures in all rodents
GPs like to get keto-acidosis, why
either preggo and obese - toxic form
fasting and travelling - metabolic form
torticollis is another common disease of GPs, whats the aetiology
- strep infection and OI and OM
causes circling, head tilt, rolling, nystagmus..
how much vit c do GPs need
10mg/kg/d
(30 if preggo or ill)
used for collagen synth
what are the clinical sigs of hypovit c (scurvy)
11-14d of low vit c
- rough hair
- lethargy
- weakness
- ataxic
- anorexic
- painful joints (bleeding)
- gingival haemorrhage
- occult blood in poo
- hypersaliv
what foods have lots of vit c
kale parsley beet greens chicory spinach broccoli oranges
when providing critical care, par-enteral fluids, how much can you give
subq: rats (5-10ml); mice (1-2ml)
intra-peritoneal: rats (10-15ml); mice (1-3ml)
what is PLACE, what does it stand for
P - enicillins L - incosamides A - minoglycosides C - ephalosporins E - rythromycin
ABx- assoc d++ - avoid giving these orally
to undertake a cardiac puncture (under GA!) for euthanasia, what needle would you use
25-27G, 1ml syringe
pre-hep
how much blood can safely be sampled from a rodentq
70ml/kg (if healthy - and this include extravasc haematoma!)
what are the common route of IV meds in rodents - though beware - difficult. IO probs better for fluids..
- lat tail v (rat, mice)
- ear v & lat saphenous (chinchilla, GP)
what is unusual about rat/mouse urine
proteinuric
between IM and SC which is preferred
SC - same abs, less painful
