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Myology > Myology > Flashcards

Myology Flashcards

1
Q

Myology

A

Study of the structure, function, and disease of muscles

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2
Q

Cells of muscle tissue are ____ and are called ____?

A

Are thread like and are called muscle fibres

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3
Q

3 kinds of muscular tissue:

A

Skeletal muscle tissue
Visceral muscle tissue
Cardiac muscle tissue

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4
Q

Skeletal muscle tissue:

A

(Striated or striated voluntary)
Description: composed muscles attached to bones, many nuclei per cell
Nervous system control: Somatic, Voluntary

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5
Q

Visceral muscle tissue:

A

(Non-striated involuntary) or smooth

Description: found in the walls of viscera

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6
Q

Cardiac muscle tissue:

A

-striated involuntary

Description: Makes up wall of heart

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7
Q

Muscles make up approximately _____ body weight.

A

40-50%

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8
Q

How are skeletal muscles different?

A

They are different in structure, size, shape, and fibre arrangement.

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9
Q

Skeletal muscle organs are composed of..?

A

Bundles of skeletal muscles fibres that generally extend the length of the muscle.

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10
Q

Skeletal muscles consist of:

A

1) skeletal muscle tissue
2) connective tissue
3) nervous tissue components

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11
Q

Tendon:

A

Fibrous muscle tissue attaches muscle to bone

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12
Q

Aponeurosis:

A

Connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone or other muscle

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13
Q

T/F Tendons are not often torn?

A

True

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14
Q

A nerve cell transmits _____ to a skeletal muscle.

A

Impulses

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15
Q

General rule:

A

The fewer the muscle fibre supplied, the more precise the movement the muscle produces.

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16
Q

What is a sprain?

A

Injury to a ligament

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17
Q

What is a ligament?

A

Connective tissue connecting bone to bone

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18
Q

Tendon vs ligament

A

Tendon connects muscle to bone

Ligament connects bone to bone

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19
Q

Functions of muscular system:

A

1) movement of the body
- Locomotion of its parts
2) heat production
- catabolism releasing energy from nutrients
3) posture
- makes sitting/standing possible

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20
Q

Origin:

A

More fixed attachments; anchor of muscle

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21
Q

Insertion:

A

More moveable attachment; moveable section of muscle

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22
Q

T/F The muscular system needs a “balance of care” in order to maintain the vital functions of muscles.

A

True

The muscular system needs water, nutrition, rest, exercise, oxygen, age

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23
Q

Why is water needed before exercise?

A

To avoid dehydration

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24
Q

Why is water needed during exercise?

A

Due to loss via sweating

25
Q

Why is water needed after exercise?

A

Help the body cool down, helps flush out waste products

26
Q

Exercise:

A

Develop increased levels of power, strength, speed, endurance, and flexibility.

27
Q

Age:

A

Muscles weaken with age and lack of activity. This contributes to the formation of lines, wrinkles and dropped contours as weakened muscles are less able to resist the pull of gravity.

28
Q

Anatomical position:

A

Posture with face and toes directed forward, palms forward and heels and toes together.

29
Q

Anterior vs posterior:

A

Anterior: (ventral/front) near front of the body
Posterior: (dorsal/back) near back of the body

30
Q

Superior vs inferior:

A

Superior: (above) toward the head/ upper part
Inferior: (below) toward the feet/ lower part

31
Q

Proximal vs distal:

A

Proximal: nearer to the trunk/point of origin (centre of the body)
Distal: father from the trunk/ point of origin
Farthest from centre or point of attachment

32
Q

Terms of movement:

Flexion

A

Bending; reduction of the angle between bone and body parts

33
Q

Terms of movement:

Extension

A

Straighten; increasing the angle between bones and body parts

34
Q

Terms of movement:

Abduction

A

Movement away from median plane

35
Q

Terms of movement:

Adduction

A

Movement toward the median plane

36
Q

Body positions:

Prone

A

Lying face down

37
Q

Body positions:

Suprine

A

Lying face up

38
Q

Muscles of the scalp:

Occipitofrontalis

A

Function: raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead horizontally. (Expression of concentration or surprise)

39
Q 
Muscles of the eyebrows:
Orbicularis Ocul(i)
A

Function: closes the eye. Contributed to fine lines that appear at eyes. (I.e. crows feet)

40
Q

Muscles of the eyebrows:

Corrugator

A

Function: Wrinkles forehead vertically. Draws eyebrows down and in.

41
Q

Muscles of the nose:

Procerus

A

Function: wrinkles skin over bridge of nose

42
Q

Muscles of chewing:

Masseter

A

Function: closes jaw or mouth, clenches teeth, chewing

43
Q

Muscles of chewing:

Temporalis

A

Function: closes jaw, clenches teeth, retracts lower jaw

44
Q

Muscles of the mouth:

Levator Labii Superioris

A

Function: raises upper lip, dilates nostrils

45
Q

Muscles of the mouth:

Depressor Labii Inferioris

A

Function: draws lower lip downward

46
Q

Muscles of the mouth:

Baccinator

A

Function: permit smoking and blowing as in playing a trumpet or whistling. Helping with chewing.

47
Q

Muscles of the mouth:

Orbicularis Oris

A

Function: closes and puckers lips, as in kissing or whistling

48
Q

Muscles of the mouth:

Zygomaticus

A

Function: responsible for lifting the mouth and cheeks as we laugh.

49
Q

Muscles of shoulder & arm:

Trapezius

A

Raises should and pulls it back, moves head to either side

50
Q

Muscles of the shoulder & arm:

Deltoid

A

Assists in the movement at the shoulder joints, lifting the arms up, back and forwards

51
Q

Muscles of the shoulder & arm:

Bicep Bracchii

A

Assists in the movement of the forearm, turn palms of hand out and bend elbow

52
Q

Muscles of the shoulder & arm:

Tricep Bracchii

A

Extension of the arm at elbow

53
Q

T/F There are no muscles in the fingers.

A

True

54
Q

Extrinsic:

A

Muscles are external to hand and activate stronger movements

55
Q

Intrinsic:

A

Muscles located in the hand (not finger) and control finer movements

56
Q

How does origin and insertion relate to massage?

A

The direction of pressure is from insertion to origin.

57
Q

What is a strain?

A

Damage to the muscle or it’s tendon

57
Q

What assists with chewing?

A

Baccinator

Myology (1 decks)

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