Myology Flashcards
Myology
Study of the structure, function, and disease of muscles
Cells of muscle tissue are ____ and are called ____?
Are thread like and are called muscle fibres
3 kinds of muscular tissue:
Skeletal muscle tissue
Visceral muscle tissue
Cardiac muscle tissue
Skeletal muscle tissue:
(Striated or striated voluntary)
Description: composed muscles attached to bones, many nuclei per cell
Nervous system control: Somatic, Voluntary
Visceral muscle tissue:
(Non-striated involuntary) or smooth
Description: found in the walls of viscera
Cardiac muscle tissue:
-striated involuntary
Description: Makes up wall of heart
Muscles make up approximately _____ body weight.
40-50%
How are skeletal muscles different?
They are different in structure, size, shape, and fibre arrangement.
Skeletal muscle organs are composed of..?
Bundles of skeletal muscles fibres that generally extend the length of the muscle.
Skeletal muscles consist of:
1) skeletal muscle tissue
2) connective tissue
3) nervous tissue components
Tendon:
Fibrous muscle tissue attaches muscle to bone
Aponeurosis:
Connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone or other muscle
T/F Tendons are not often torn?
True
A nerve cell transmits _____ to a skeletal muscle.
Impulses
General rule:
The fewer the muscle fibre supplied, the more precise the movement the muscle produces.
What is a sprain?
Injury to a ligament
What is a ligament?
Connective tissue connecting bone to bone
Tendon vs ligament
Tendon connects muscle to bone
Ligament connects bone to bone
Functions of muscular system:
1) movement of the body
- Locomotion of its parts
2) heat production
- catabolism releasing energy from nutrients
3) posture
- makes sitting/standing possible
Origin:
More fixed attachments; anchor of muscle
Insertion:
More moveable attachment; moveable section of muscle
T/F The muscular system needs a “balance of care” in order to maintain the vital functions of muscles.
True
The muscular system needs water, nutrition, rest, exercise, oxygen, age
Why is water needed before exercise?
To avoid dehydration
Why is water needed during exercise?
Due to loss via sweating
Why is water needed after exercise?
Help the body cool down, helps flush out waste products
Exercise:
Develop increased levels of power, strength, speed, endurance, and flexibility.
Age:
Muscles weaken with age and lack of activity. This contributes to the formation of lines, wrinkles and dropped contours as weakened muscles are less able to resist the pull of gravity.
Anatomical position:
Posture with face and toes directed forward, palms forward and heels and toes together.
Anterior vs posterior:
Anterior: (ventral/front) near front of the body
Posterior: (dorsal/back) near back of the body
Superior vs inferior:
Superior: (above) toward the head/ upper part
Inferior: (below) toward the feet/ lower part
Proximal vs distal:
Proximal: nearer to the trunk/point of origin (centre of the body)
Distal: father from the trunk/ point of origin
Farthest from centre or point of attachment
Terms of movement:
Flexion
Bending; reduction of the angle between bone and body parts
Terms of movement:
Extension
Straighten; increasing the angle between bones and body parts
Terms of movement:
Abduction
Movement away from median plane
Terms of movement:
Adduction
Movement toward the median plane
Body positions:
Prone
Lying face down
Body positions:
Suprine
Lying face up
Muscles of the scalp:
Occipitofrontalis
Function: raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead horizontally. (Expression of concentration or surprise)
Muscles of the eyebrows: Orbicularis Ocul(i)
Function: closes the eye. Contributed to fine lines that appear at eyes. (I.e. crows feet)
Muscles of the eyebrows:
Corrugator
Function: Wrinkles forehead vertically. Draws eyebrows down and in.
Muscles of the nose:
Procerus
Function: wrinkles skin over bridge of nose
Muscles of chewing:
Masseter
Function: closes jaw or mouth, clenches teeth, chewing
Muscles of chewing:
Temporalis
Function: closes jaw, clenches teeth, retracts lower jaw
Muscles of the mouth:
Levator Labii Superioris
Function: raises upper lip, dilates nostrils
Muscles of the mouth:
Depressor Labii Inferioris
Function: draws lower lip downward
Muscles of the mouth:
Baccinator
Function: permit smoking and blowing as in playing a trumpet or whistling. Helping with chewing.
Muscles of the mouth:
Orbicularis Oris
Function: closes and puckers lips, as in kissing or whistling
Muscles of the mouth:
Zygomaticus
Function: responsible for lifting the mouth and cheeks as we laugh.
Muscles of shoulder & arm:
Trapezius
Raises should and pulls it back, moves head to either side
Muscles of the shoulder & arm:
Deltoid
Assists in the movement at the shoulder joints, lifting the arms up, back and forwards
Muscles of the shoulder & arm:
Bicep Bracchii
Assists in the movement of the forearm, turn palms of hand out and bend elbow
Muscles of the shoulder & arm:
Tricep Bracchii
Extension of the arm at elbow
T/F There are no muscles in the fingers.
True
Extrinsic:
Muscles are external to hand and activate stronger movements
Intrinsic:
Muscles located in the hand (not finger) and control finer movements
How does origin and insertion relate to massage?
The direction of pressure is from insertion to origin.
What is a strain?
Damage to the muscle or it’s tendon
What assists with chewing?
Baccinator
