Myeloid & Lymphoid Leukemia Flashcards
Characterization of Acute Leukemia
Characterized by increased numbers of blast cells of myeloid or lymphoid origin
present in the bone marrow, which may have prominent nucleoli but always have immature nuclear chromatin.
Acute Myeloid Leukemia
A group of neoplastic diseases characterized by increased numbers of myeloblasts in the bone marrow. The suggested cutoff is greater than or equal to 20% blast cells of the nucleated bone marrow cell population. Peripheral cell counts are variable.
Asynchronous Maturation
An abnormality of cell development in which the nucleus and cytoplasm mature at a different rate such that a cell may have an immature nucleus with a mature cytoplasm.
Characterization of Chronic Leukemia
Characterized by a predominance of mature cells with recognizable lineage in either the myeloid or lymphoid cell lines
Differentiation
________ indicates commitment to a specific cell lineage, such as myeloid or lymphoid.
Dyserythropoiesis
Abnormal development of erythroid cells resulting in:
macrocytes (large cells with no nucleus),
megaloblasts (large immature cells with a nucleus),
sideroblasts (iron-containing particles within erythroid precursors), and
fragmented nuclear chromatin.
Dysgranulopoiesis
Abnormal development of granulocytes resulting in:
macropolycytes (cell giantism), nuclear hypersegmentation, hyposegmentation, abnormal cytoplasmic granulation, and multinucleation.
Dysmyelopoiesis
An abnormality of cell development that may exist by itself or proceed into neoplasia.
Dysplasia
Abnormal cell development with altered nuclear and cytoplasmic morphology and relative proportions.
Concerning hematopoiesis, a general term of dysmyelopoiesis is used to include dyserythropoiesis, dysgranulopoiesis, and dysthrombopoiesis.
Dysthrombopoiesis
Abnormal development of platelets and megakaryocytes resulting in:
asynchronous maturation (dwarf megakaryocytes), hypogranulation of platelets, hypergranulation of platelets, & platelet giantism.
Leukemia
A neoplastic disease of blood and/or bone marrow which may be primary and arise from the bone marrow or represent a secondary metastatic disease.
Leukemoid reaction
An exuberant hyperplastic response to inflammation in which the leukocyte count is greater than 50,000/µL with a left shift that extends back to myelocytes with rare progranulocytes.
Lymphoma
A solid tissue proliferation of neoplastic lymphoid cells.
Maturation
The morphologic development of a specific cell type to full function.
Megaloblast
Big red cells that have nuclei
A dysplastic nucleated erythroid precursor having abundant mature cytoplasm and an eccentrically placed immature nucleus.
Multiple myeloma
A neoplastic disease of plasma cells in the bone marrow that requires 2 of the 4 features for diagnosis. These features include bone marrow plasmacytosis, monoclonal gammopathy, Bence-Jones urine protein, and bone lysis.
Myeloid
Refers to the nonlymphoid cells which arise from the pluripotential stem cell that produces precursors for granulocytes, monocytes, erythrocytes, platelets, and some dendritic cells.
Myelodysplastic syndrome
A group of clonal hematopoietic stem cell diseases characterized by significant dysplasia of one or more of the myeloid cell lines, frequent bone marrow hyperplasia, and peripheral cytopenias. Myeloblasts account for less than 20% of the nucleated bone marrow cell population. These diseases have an increased risk of development of acute myeloid leukemia.
Myelophthisis
_____ Describes the crowding out in the bone marrow of normal hematopoietic elements by increased numbers of abnormal cells or stroma. Such conditions include leukemia, myelofibrosis, and excessive bone production.
Myeloproliferative neoplasms
A group of neoplastic disorders characterized by:
less than 20% blast cells in the bone marrow that is generally classified by the predominant recognizable cell type (also known as chronic myeloid leukemia).
Compared with myelodysplastic syndromes that have ineffective hematopoiesis, these disorders often have effective hematopoiesis with markedly increased peripheral cell counts (cytosis).
Neoplasia
A non-purposeful, unregulated new growth.
Macropolycyte
Enlarged, segmented neutrophils w/many nuclear lobes
Breeds with Inherited dysplastic conditions:
Enlarged erythroid cells
Toy and Miniature Poodles
Breeds with inherited dysplastic conditions:
Abnormally large platelets related to an autosomal recessive defect
Cavalier King Charles Spaniels
Dacryocyte
An erythrocyte showing tear-drop shaped poikilocytosis.
Associated with Primary Myelofibrosis
Macrocyte
Big red cell without nuclei