Myeloid & Lymphoid Leukemia

Question 1

Characterization of Acute Leukemia

Answer 1

Characterized by increased numbers of blast cells of myeloid or lymphoid origin
present in the bone marrow, which may have prominent nucleoli but always have immature nuclear chromatin.

Question 2

Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Answer 2

A group of neoplastic diseases characterized by increased numbers of myeloblasts in the bone marrow. The suggested cutoff is greater than or equal to 20% blast cells of the nucleated bone marrow cell population. Peripheral cell counts are variable.

Question 3

Asynchronous Maturation

Answer 3

An abnormality of cell development in which the nucleus and cytoplasm mature at a different rate such that a cell may have an immature nucleus with a mature cytoplasm.

Question 4

Characterization of Chronic Leukemia

Answer 4

Characterized by a predominance of mature cells with recognizable lineage in either the myeloid or lymphoid cell lines

Question 5

Differentiation

Answer 5

________ indicates commitment to a specific cell lineage, such as myeloid or lymphoid.

Question 6

Dyserythropoiesis

Answer 6

Abnormal development of erythroid cells resulting in:

macrocytes (large cells with no nucleus),
megaloblasts (large immature cells with a nucleus),
sideroblasts (iron-containing particles within erythroid precursors), and
fragmented nuclear chromatin.

Question 7

Dysgranulopoiesis

Answer 7

Abnormal development of granulocytes resulting in:

macropolycytes (cell giantism), 
nuclear hypersegmentation, 
hyposegmentation, 
abnormal cytoplasmic granulation, and
multinucleation.

Question 8

Dysmyelopoiesis

Answer 8

An abnormality of cell development that may exist by itself or proceed into neoplasia.

Question 9

Dysplasia

Answer 9

Abnormal cell development with altered nuclear and cytoplasmic morphology and relative proportions.

Concerning hematopoiesis, a general term of dysmyelopoiesis is used to include dyserythropoiesis, dysgranulopoiesis, and dysthrombopoiesis.

Question 10

Dysthrombopoiesis

Answer 10

Abnormal development of platelets and megakaryocytes resulting in:

asynchronous maturation 
        (dwarf megakaryocytes),
hypogranulation of platelets,
hypergranulation of platelets, &
platelet giantism.

Question 11

Leukemia

Answer 11

A neoplastic disease of blood and/or bone marrow which may be primary and arise from the bone marrow or represent a secondary metastatic disease.

Question 12

Leukemoid reaction

Answer 12

An exuberant hyperplastic response to inflammation in which the leukocyte count is greater than 50,000/µL with a left shift that extends back to myelocytes with rare progranulocytes.

Question 13

Lymphoma

Answer 13

A solid tissue proliferation of neoplastic lymphoid cells.

Question 14

Maturation

Answer 14

The morphologic development of a specific cell type to full function.

Question 15

Megaloblast

Answer 15

Big red cells that have nuclei

A dysplastic nucleated erythroid precursor having abundant mature cytoplasm and an eccentrically placed immature nucleus.

Question 16

Multiple myeloma

Answer 16

A neoplastic disease of plasma cells in the bone marrow that requires 2 of the 4 features for diagnosis. These features include bone marrow plasmacytosis, monoclonal gammopathy, Bence-Jones urine protein, and bone lysis.

Question 17

Myeloid

Answer 17

Refers to the nonlymphoid cells which arise from the pluripotential stem cell that produces precursors for granulocytes, monocytes, erythrocytes, platelets, and some dendritic cells.

Question 18

Myelodysplastic syndrome

Answer 18

A group of clonal hematopoietic stem cell diseases characterized by significant dysplasia of one or more of the myeloid cell lines, frequent bone marrow hyperplasia, and peripheral cytopenias. Myeloblasts account for less than 20% of the nucleated bone marrow cell population. These diseases have an increased risk of development of acute myeloid leukemia.

Question 19

Myelophthisis

Answer 19

_____ Describes the crowding out in the bone marrow of normal hematopoietic elements by increased numbers of abnormal cells or stroma. Such conditions include leukemia, myelofibrosis, and excessive bone production.

Question 20

Myeloproliferative neoplasms

Answer 20

A group of neoplastic disorders characterized by:

less than 20% blast cells in the bone marrow that is generally classified by the predominant recognizable cell type (also known as chronic myeloid leukemia).

Compared with myelodysplastic syndromes that have ineffective hematopoiesis, these disorders often have effective hematopoiesis with markedly increased peripheral cell counts (cytosis).

Question 21

Neoplasia

Answer 21

A non-purposeful, unregulated new growth.

Question 22

Macropolycyte

Answer 22

Enlarged, segmented neutrophils w/many nuclear lobes

Question 23

Breeds with Inherited dysplastic conditions:

Enlarged erythroid cells

Answer 23

Toy and Miniature Poodles

Question 24

Breeds with inherited dysplastic conditions:

Abnormally large platelets related to an autosomal recessive defect

Answer 24

Cavalier King Charles Spaniels

Question 25

Dacryocyte

Answer 25

An erythrocyte showing tear-drop shaped poikilocytosis.

Associated with Primary Myelofibrosis

Question 26

Macrocyte

Answer 26

Big red cell without nuclei