Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) neoplasms

Question 1

What are MDS? What is the average age of people they affect?
previously known as?

Answer 1

Diverse group of diseases that range from mild anemia to acute leukemia
previously known as “pre-leukemias” later as “refectory leukemias”
affects the elderly - median age 70yrs

Question 2

What are some factors in development of MDS?

Answer 2

clonal abnormality of pluripotential stem cell
ex. environment products/Ammonia/BENZENE/radiation

Question 3

What is the diagnosis morphology criteria of MDS? Easy to diagnose?
ineffective…..
dys means?

Answer 3

difficult to diagnose via peripheral only, ineffective hematopoiesis = increased apoptosis
(dys-myelo/erythro/mega = decreased of myeloid lines)

Question 4

Describe Dyserythropoesis
RBC shapes..etc
opulation
mcv
nucleous

Answer 4

dimorphic population/wide RDW
OVAL MACROCYTES
High MCV or low
MULTINUCLEAR (dysplasia)
nuclear bridging/ringed sideroblasts

Question 5

Describe Dysmyelopoesis
what penia?
what is confirmed by stain?

Answer 5

Hypogranular or hyper
neutropenia 60% of cases
HYBRID MONOMYELO CONFIRMED BY STAIN
can have hyper segmentation or hypo

Question 6

Describe Megakaryopoesis

Answer 6

MICROmegakaryotes
thrombocytopenia 60% of cases
abnormal segmentation/bizarre PLTS

Question 7

Describe MDS with single lineage dysplasia (MSD-SLD)
Blood:
BB:

Answer 7

Blood: unicytopenia (usually rbc)
<1% blasts
NO auer rods
BM: Unilineage dysplasia (usually rbc)
NO auer rods
<5% blasts
<15% ringed sideroblasts occ

Question 8

Describe MSD W multi lineage dysplasia (MDS-MLD)

Answer 8

two or more myeloid lineage dysplasias

Question 9

Describe MDS w ringed sideroblasts single/mutlilineage
Blood:
BM:

Answer 9

Blood: Cytopenias
<1% blasts
BM: single or multi
<5% blasts
<15% ringed sideroblasts

Question 10

Describe MDS w/ excess blasts 1 (MSD-EB-1)
Blood:
BM:

Answer 10

Blood: cytopenias
<5% blasts
BM: uni/multi lineage dysplasias
5-9% blasts

Question 11

Describe MDS with extra blasts 2 (MSD-EB-2)
Blood:
BM:
other names

Answer 11

Blood:
5-19% blasts
w/w/o auer rods
BM: 10-19% blasts
also known as smoldering leukemia

Question 12

What is MDS-EB-2 multi lineage with Myelo/erythos ?

Answer 12

Diguglielmos syndrome or FAB M6a

Question 13

Describe MDS-EB-2 - multi lineage with myelo/erythos

Answer 13

Dysplasia
50% rbc precursors
<20% myeloblasts w a shift to the left
may have auer rods

Question 14

Describe MDS associated w isolated del 5q
Blood
BM

Answer 14

Blood: cytopenias <1% blasts
BM: single or multi lineage
<5% blasts
isolated del 5q
NO AUER RODS