Myelodysplastic Syndrome Flashcards
Myelodysplastic syndromes, or MDS, are a group of rare blood disorders associated with faulty development of blood cells in the bone marrow. What is the incidence of MDS?
1 - 3 cases per 100,000
2 - 30 cases per 100,000
3 - 300 cases per 100,000
4 - 3000 cases per 100,000
1 - 3 cases per 100,000
Slightly more common in males 1.6:1 ratio
Myelodysplastic syndromes, or MDS, are a group of rare blood disorders associated with faulty development of blood cells in the bone marrow. What age does the incidence of MDS peak?
1 - 80-90
2 - 60-70
3 - 40-50
4 - 20-30
2 - 60-70
Although the exact cause is unknown, 90% of patients with Myelodysplastic syndromes, or MDS, have all of the following , EXCEPT which one?
1 - Heart failure
2 - Male sex
3 - Caucasian
4 - Age >60 years
1 - Heart failure
Although the exact cause is unknown, 90% of patients with Myelodysplastic syndromes, or MDS, which of the following has the strongest association with causing MDS in 10% of patients?
1 - heart failure
2 - therapy/radiation
3 - medications
4 - inactivity
2 - therapy/radiation
Are RBCs, WBCs and platelets always reduced in Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS)?
- No
May be any one alone, or pancytopenia
A 78-year-old woman with myelodysplastic syndrome presents to the haematology clinic for her annual follow-up. She is currently in remission and is feeling well in herself. Given her past medical history, which other haematological disorder is she at risk of developing?
1 - Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
2 - Acute myeloid leukaemia
3 - Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
4 - Chronic myeloid leukaemia
5 - Multiple myeloma
2 - Acute myeloid leukaemia
Think myeloid in nature
Does Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) always present with symptoms?
- No
20% will have no symptoms, picked up accidentally
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) can present with a variety of symptoms. Anaemia, is one of the symptoms. Which of the following is NOT typically a symptom of anaemia?
1 - Fatigue
2 - Abdominal pain
3 - Weakness
4 - Breathlessness
5 - Pallor
2 - Abdominal pain
Which of the following would be due to leukcytopenia in Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS)?
1 - central cyanosis
2 - pretibial myoexaderma
3 - recurrent infections
4 -all of the above
3 - recurrent infections
Neutropenia, if present is typically severe
Which 2 of the following would be due to thrombocytopenia in Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS)?
1 - excessive/easy bleeding
2 - hepatomegaly
3 - increased clotting
4 - petechiael rash
1 - excessive/easy bleeding
4 - petechiael rash
A FBC count may reveal low RBCs, WBCs and platelets. Which of the following may be present on a blood film in Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS)?
1 - Nucleated RBCs
2 - Ringed sideroblasts
3 - Howell-Jolly bodies
4 - Basophilic stippling
5 - Hypolobulated or unlobulated neutrophil nuclei
6 - Large, agranular platelets and megakaryocytes
7 - all of the above
7 - all of the above
If there are symptoms and indicators in blood samples that a patient has Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), which of the following tests would NOT typically be used to try and conform the diagnosis of MDS?
1 - Bone marrow biopsy
2 - HPLC
3 - Cytogenetic studies
4 - FBCs
2 - HPLC
HypERcellular, dysplastic bone marrow with numerous cells of all three cell lines
Blasts, megakaryotes, ringed sideroblasts, etc.
All of the following can be used to treat Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), but what is often the 1st line treatment for patients with Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) presenting with symptoms?
1 - Blood transfusions
2 - Iron chelation therapy in transfusion iron overload
3 - Erythroid-stimulating agents (ESA) to relieve anaemia
4 - Antibiotics for recurrent infections
5 - all of the above
1 - Blood transfusions
ESA stimulate the production and secretion of EPO in the kidneys
