Myelodysplasia Flashcards
Myelodysplasia
birth defect, develops when spinal cord does not close during early stages of mother’s pregnancy
Meningocele
mildest form - CSF & meninges protrude through abnormal vertebral opening in lump.
there is no spinal cord involvement
Myelomeningocele
more servere, most common form, protrusion of spinal cord, CSF, & meninges in cyst through vertebral opening; sometimes skin is absent
Myeloschsis
most severe form; spinal cord is fully exposed and a cleft forms in the spinal cord when the neural fold fails to close during neural tube development
occulta
(hidden or not visible) often asymptomatic; mild
pathophysiology
damage to the anterior horn cells, nerve roots, or peripheral nervous system.
lower motor neuron dysfunction
paralysis or muscle weakness, loss of sensation, impaired bowel and bladder function
incidence and prevalence
around 18 weeks gestation
outcomes - termination of pregnancy or c-section
high level thoracic to L2
hip flexion, abduction, and external rotation contractures
knee flexion and ankle plantar flexion contractures
lordotic lumbar spine
crouched standing
mid to lower lumbar (L3-L5)
hip and knee flexion contractures
increased lumbar lordosis
genu and calcaneal valgus malalignment
pronated position of the foot when weight-bearing
crouched standing
Sacral level
mild hip and knee flexion contractures
increased lumbar lordosis
ankle and foot can be varus or valgus, combined with pronated or supinated forefoot
crouched standing
shunt malfunction
headache, irritability, fever, nausea, vision or speech , changes in balance and postural stability
chiari malformation type 2
ataxia, changes in bowel and bladder control, spasticity and in upper extremity function
tethered cord syndrome
progressive loss of strength or sensation, change in bowel or bladder function, changes in functional mobility and gait pattern, back or LE pain, changes in spasticity, loss of ROM, changes in foot positioning or progression of deformity
