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Microbiology - Mycology > MYCOTIC INFECTIONS ACCORDING TO GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION: (4) & Other Opportunistic Mycoses > Flashcards

MYCOTIC INFECTIONS ACCORDING TO GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION: (4) & Other Opportunistic Mycoses Flashcards

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1
Q

Affects the outermost layer of the skin, hand, feet and hair

A

Superficial Mycoses

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2
Q
  • chronic superficial fungal infection which leads to hypopigmented or hyperpigmented patches on skin
  • With sunlight exposure the skin around the patches will tan but patches will remain white
A

Tinea versicolor (an-an) / Pityriasis versicolor

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3
Q

causes tinea or pityriasis versicolor – superficial mycoses; lipophilic yeast; spaghetti with meatball appearance

A

M. furfur

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4
Q

Mode of transmission of Tinea versicolor (an-an) / Pityriasis versicolor

A

direct contact

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5
Q

a superficial fungal infection that causes dark brown to black painless patches on the soles of the hands and feet

A

Tinea nigra

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6
Q

formely called C. werneckii

A

Exophilia werneckii

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7
Q
  • Nodular infection of the hair shaft
  • Axillary, pubic, beard, scalp hair maybe infected
A

Piedra (white and black)

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8
Q

caused by Piedraia hortai

A

Black Piedra

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9
Q

caused by Trichosporon beigelii/cutaneum

A

White Piedra

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10
Q

Affects keratinized tissues, skin, hair and nails

A

Cutaneous Mycoses

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11
Q

Also known as dermatophytosis/dermatomycoses

A

Cutaneous Mycoses

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12
Q

Also known as Ring worm infection

A

Cutaneous Mycoses

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13
Q

skin, hair, rarely nails

A

Microsporum

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14
Q

skin, nails, rarely hair

A

Trichophyton

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15
Q

skin, hair and nails

A

Epidermophyton

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16
Q

May be diagnostic of Chromoblastomycosis/Chromomycosis or MOSSY FOOT DISEASE/HEMATOMYCOSIS

A

Sclerotic bodies / muriform cells

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17
Q

Copper colored fungal cells

A

Sclerotic bodies / muriform cells

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18
Q
  • Unable to produce microconidia
  • Macroconidia smooth walled (2-4),
    appearing like ____ ___
  • Produces ____colored colonies
A

Epidermorphyton floccosum Eg. Tinea cruris (hadhad)

Khaki; beaver’s tail

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19
Q

Microconidia are globose and arranged in
Grape like clusters

A

Trichophyton mentagrophytes

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20
Q
  • ______ shaped microconidia laterally on
    hyphae
  • May give the so-called “____ __ _ _____”
    appearance
A

Trichophyton rubrum Eg. Tinea corporis
(buni)

Teardrop; Birds on a fence

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21
Q

Produces rat tail or string bean appearing
macroconidia

A

Trichophyton verrucosum

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22
Q
  • Large spindle shaped macroconidia
  • Thick-walled spindle shaped large
    multiseptate with knobby projections
  • Rice medium (+) *used to differentiate with
    M. audouinii
A

Microsporum canis Eg. Tinea capitis

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23
Q
  • Bizarre shaped macroconidia
  • Rice medium (-)
A

Microsporum audouinii

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24
Q

Type affecting deepest layer of the skin (ie. Muscles)

A

Subcutaneous Mycoses

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25
Q
  • Agents are usually found on soil, so feet is always affected
  • Acquired thru trauma
A

Subcutaneous Mycoses

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26
Q

Sporothrichosis

A

S. schenckii

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27
Q

usually caused by the following:
Phialophora verrucosa, Cladosporium carrionii; Fonsecaea predosoi

A

Chromoblastomycosis

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28
Q

caused by the ff: Alternaria, Bipolaris,
Curvularia and Dreschella, Exophialia

A

Phaeophypomycosis

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29
Q

caused by Pseudoallescheria boydii, Exophiala jeanselmi

A

Mycetoma

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30
Q
  • Causes Rose Gardener’s disease
  • Dimorphic fungi
A

Sporothrix schenckii

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31
Q
  • _____ shaped yeast with single or multiple buds
  • Conidia in ___________ arrangement
A

Sporothrix schenckii

Cigar; flowerette

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32
Q

May affect organs such as lungs

A

Systemic Mycoses

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33
Q
  • Caused by dimorphic fungi
  • Acquired thru inhalation, so ___ is usually affected
A

Systemic Mycoses
lungs

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34
Q

Infectious form is ___ (mycelial) form, while diagnostic form is ____

A

MOLD; YEAST

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35
Q

Produces yeast with single bud on a broad base

A

Blastomyces dermatitidis

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36
Q

With round or pyriform conidia appearing like lollipops

A

Blastomyces dermatitidis

37
Q

Chicago disease

A

Blastomyces dermatitidis

38
Q

Gilchrist disease

A

Blastomyces dermatitidis

39
Q

Missouri River valley

A

Blastomyces dermatitidis

40
Q
  • Causes San Joaquin valley fever
  • Found in soil of many arid or desert region of US
A

Coccidioides immitis

41
Q

Produces a yeast appearing line thick-walled spherule with many endospores

A

Coccidioides immitis

42
Q

Barrel shaped arthroconidia alternating with empty dysjuncter cells

A

Coccidioides immitis

43
Q

Major biohazard in the lab and most virulent of all the mycotic agents

A

Coccidioides immitis

44
Q

On media produces COBWEB appearing colonies

A

Coccidioides immitis

45
Q

Virulence factor includes extracellular proteinases

A

Coccidioides immitis

46
Q
  • Microscopic appearance: Coarse, septate branched hyphae that produce thick
    walled barrel shaped rectangular arthroconidia that alternate with dysjuncter cell
  • 37degC – thick walled spherules filled with endospore with double refractive cell wall
A

Coccidioides immitis

47
Q

Microscopic appearance: Mycelia phase – septate hyphae with round or pyriform conidia borne singly in conidiophores or directly on hyphae

A

Blastomyces dermatitidis

48
Q
  • Produces a yeast within mononuclear cells
  • 37degC – small budding yeast within mononuclear cell
  • RT – knobby tuberculate will form
A

Histoplasma capsulatum

49
Q

To demonstrate yeast, Giemsa or Wright’s may be used

A

Histoplasma capsulatum

50
Q

Darling’s disease

A

Histoplasma capsulatum

51
Q

Cave disease

A

Histoplasma capsulatum

52
Q

Spelunker disease

A

Histoplasma capsulatum

53
Q

Reticuloendothelial cytomycosis

A

Histoplasma capsulatum

54
Q

Ohio valley fever

A

Histoplasma capsulatum

55
Q

Found on bat and bird feces

A

Histoplasma capsulatum

56
Q

South American Blastomycosis

A

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

57
Q

Luts Splentdore Almeide disease

A

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

58
Q

37degC - Produces a yeast with multiple buds giving it a Ship’s wheel or mariner’s wheel or Pilot’s wheel appearance. Yeast may resemble a mickey mouse cap

A

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

59
Q

Found in soil and plant; virulent factor include estrogen binding protein

A

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

60
Q

RT: Produces terminally locate chlamydoconidia

A

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

61
Q

Microscopic appearance: Presence of terminal chlamydoconidia mistaken as B. dermatitidis

A

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

62
Q

Major cause of opportunistic infection in those with AIDS

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

63
Q

Causes European blastomycosis, Torulosis, Cryptococcosis, Torula Meningitis, Bussebuschke disease

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

64
Q

Produces an encapsulated yeast that can be demonstrated using India ink

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

65
Q

Phenol oxidase and urease test (+) ; nitrate (-)

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

66
Q
  • Most common cause of yeast infection
  • (+) growth at 42degC
A

Candida albicans

67
Q

A normal flora but can be opportunistic

A

Candida albicans

68
Q

Causes vulvovaginitis, oral thrush

A

Candida albicans

69
Q

Forms Germ tubes, blastoconidia and chlamydospores

A

Candida albicans

70
Q
  • Causes pulmonary disease, otomycosis
  • Acquired thru inhalation
A

Aspergillus spp

71
Q

Agent of Fungus ball, Aspergilloma, Farmer’s lung disease

A

Aspergillus spp.

72
Q

black pepper effect on culture media, fungus ball in lungs

A

Aspergillus niger

73
Q

___most common cause of pulmonary
aspergillosis often found in compost piles and soil of potted plants. ____ color on culture media

A

Aspergillus fumigatus; Green

74
Q

(previous called Penicillium marnefei)

A

Talaramyces marneffei

75
Q
  • Causes Talaromycosis
  • Dimorphic fungi
A

Talaramyces marneffei

76
Q

Yeast = ____ shaped while mold with ____ shaped phialides, paint brush like TB Symptoms in HIV px in SEA

A

sausage; flask

77
Q
  • Includes the ff: Genera
    o Rhizopus
    o Absidia
    o Mucos
  • Causes: Rhinosinus, sinus orbital or craniofacial zygomycosis
A

Zygomycota (Zygomycetes)

78
Q

(+) growth on SDA without cycloheximide

A

Zygomycota (Zygomycetes)

79
Q

Rapid growers; “___” with ASEPTATE hyphae

A

Lid lifters

80
Q

classified as fungi imperfecti, normal mycoflora of commodities (rice)

A

Fusarium species (a hyaline mold)

81
Q

wound infection and oral thrush – forms Hockey stick shaped arthroconidia on corn meal agar

A

Geotrichum

82
Q

can cause keratitis, external ear infection

A

Penicillium (hyaline mold)

83
Q

can cause mycetoma, corneal and nail infections

A

Acremonium

84
Q

Previously a protozoa but now an atypical fungi

A

Pneumocystis jirovecii or carinii

85
Q

Formerly: Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)

A

Pneumocystis jirovecii or carinii

86
Q

Pneumonia in AIDS individual acquired from immunocompetent mammals

A

Pneumocystis jirovecii or carinii

87
Q

Preferred sample in detecting Pneumocystis jirovecii or carinii

A

BAL (broncho alveolar lavage)

88
Q

stain of choice for cysts but not trophozoite

A

Gomori methenamine silver

Microbiology - Mycology (5 decks)

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