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Mycology > Mycosis > Flashcards

Mycosis Flashcards

1
Q

Type of mycosis?

A

Superficial mycosis
Cutaneous
Subcutaneous
Dimorphic system
Opportunistic systemic

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2
Q

Superficial infected

A

Skin and hair shaft
1-Harmless,unware
2-no living tissue ear invaded.
3-no pathological change are elicated

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3
Q

Cutaneous infected!

A

No living tissue is invaded
Hair,skin nail

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4
Q

Opportunistic systemic

A

Occur in immunodeficient patient (normal defnce mechanism ars impaired)

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5
Q

Malassezia species

A

basidiomycetous yeasts and form part of the normal skin flora of humans and animals. The genus now includes 14 species of which 13 are lipid dependent

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6
Q

most frequently found species responsible for colonisation of humans

A

M. sympodialis, M. globosa, M. slooffice and M. restricta

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7
Q

Malassezia species may cause various skin manifestations including

A

1-versicolor,
2- seborrhoeic dermatitis,
3-dandruff, atopic eczema
4- folliculitis

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8
Q

Fungaemia due to

A

lipid-dependent Malassezia species

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9
Q

Fungaemia usually occurs

A

in patients with central line catheters receiving lipid replacement therapy, especially in infants

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10
Q

Pityriasis versicolor

A

1.chronic,
2. superficial fungal disease of the skin characterised by well-demarcated white, pink, fawn, or brownish lesions, often conjoining,
3.covered with thin scales.

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11
Q

colour varies according

A

1-normal pigmentation of the patient,
2-exposure of the area to sunlight,
3- the severity of the disease.

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12
Q

Lesions ocuur on

A

1-trunk,
2-shoulders
3-arms,
rarely on the neck and face

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13
Q

Seborrhoeic dermatitis is caused by

A

Malassezia

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14
Q

Clinical manifestations of seborrhoeic dermatitis

A

1-erythema (red patches) and Scaling in areas with a rich supply of sebaceous glands ie: the scalp, face, Eyebrows, ears and upper trunk
2-Lesions are red and covered with greasy scales and itching is common in the scalp.

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15
Q

skin scrapings for a lab diagnosis are unnecessary for?

A

Seborrheic dermatitis

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16
Q

Fungaemia

A

causing by catheter

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17
Q

acquired fungaemia in

A

neonate and adult patients undergoing lipid replacement therapy.

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18
Q

Diagnosis for fungaemia requires

A

special culture media and blood drawn back through the catheter is the prefer specimen

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19
Q

Smoe patient with fungaemia may be develope

A

Small embolic lesions in the lung and other organ

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20
Q

Clinical material:

A

Skin scrapings from patients with superficial lesions, blood and indwelling catheter tips from patients with suspected fungaemia.

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21
Q

Direct microscopy:

A

Skin scrapings taken from patients with Pityriasis versicolor rapidly identified when mounted in 10% KOH, unipolar, broad base budding yeast cells

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22
Q

M. furfur

A

is a lipophilic yeast,

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23
Q

M. furfur in vitro growth must be stimulated by

A

natural oils or other fatty substances

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24
Q

most common method used

A

Sabouraud’s dextrose agar containing cycloheximide (actidione) with olive oil

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25
Q

White piedra

-A superficial fungal infection of the hair shaft caused by

A

Trichosporon

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26
Q

Infected hair develop

A

soft greyish-white nodules along the shaft

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27
Q

Infections are usually localised

A

axilla or scalp but may also be seen on facial hairs and sometimes pubic hair.

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28
Q

characteristic of white piedra.

A

The presence of irregular, soft, white or light brown nodules, 1.0-1.5 mm in length, firmly adhering to the hairs

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29
Q

Colonies Trichosporon in cultura

A

white or yellowish to deep cream colored, smooth, wrinkled

30
Q

Black piedra

A

superficial fungal infection of the hair shaft caused by Piedra hortae,

31
Q

localised to the scalp but may also be seen on

A

hairs of

the beard, moustache and pubic hair.

32
Q

Black piedra mostly affects young adults and epidemics in families have

been reported following the

A

sharing of combs and hairbrushes

33
Q

Direct microscopy:
For both

A

Hairs should be examined using 10% KOH or calcofluor white.

34
Q

Culture

A

Hair fragments should be implanted onto primary isolation media, like Sabouraud’s dextrose agar

35
Q

Colonies of piedra hortae

A

Dark ,brown to black need 2-3 week to appear

36
Q

Management

A

1-Shaving the hairs is the simplest method of treatment.
2-Topical application of an imidazole agent may be used to prevent reinfection.

37
Q

Species for Trichosporon most common clinical isolates

A

1- T.asahl,
2-T. asteroides,
3-T inkin,
4-ovoides

38
Q

Causative agent of black piedra

A

Piedra hortae

39
Q

Cutaneous Mycoses

• These are superficial fungal infections of the skin, hair or nails. •No living tissue is invaded,

A

skin, hair or nails. •No living tissue is invaded,

40
Q

Dermatophytosis (tinea or ringworm) of the

A

scalp, glabrous skin, and nails

41
Q

Dermatophytosis cause by

A

group of fungi known as dermatophytes

42
Q

nutrient source of dermatophytes

A

utilize keratin

43
Q

ability to utilize keratin as a nutrient source by

A

enzyme [keratinase

44
Q

disease process in dermatophytosis is unique for two reasons

A

1-human or animal infection for the survival and dissemination of their species.
2-No living tissue is invaded

45
Q

Tinea cruris (spread the fungus from foot)

A

Most common in male

46
Q

Tinea cruris refers to dermatophytosis of the proximal medial thighs Thus the usual causative agents are

A

1-T. rubrum
,2- T. interdigitale
3-E. floccosum.

47
Q

Tinea unguium (dermatophyte onychomycosis) classifieds as

A

1-Superficial white onychomycosis,surface of nail
2-invasive,subungual (beneath the nail) most common form of dermatophyte onychomycosis

48
Q

The fungus invades:

A

a) Distal nail bed causing hyperkeratosis of the nail bed and thickening of the nail plate.

b) Lateral Subungual onychomycosis begins at the lateral edge of the nail and
often spreads to=> entire nail => nail plate.

c) Proximal subungual onychomycosis, the fungus invades under the cuticle and
infects the proximal causing yellowish-white
spots which slowly invade the lunula and then the nail plate.

49
Q

Tinea corporis refer to dermatophytosis glabrous skin caused by

A

Anthrophophilic such as T.rubrum

50
Q

Tinea corporis spread to other sites by

A

Geophilic
Zoophilic
Such as 1-M.gypseum 2-M.canis
By contant with contaminated soil ,animal

51
Q

Tinea capitis:refers to dermatophytosis of the scalp. • Three types of in vivo hair invasion are recognised:

A
  1. Ectothrix
    2 . Endothrix
    3 . Favus
52
Q

Endothrix hair invasion is characterised by hair invasion is characterised by the
,Agent?

A

1 . development of
arthroconidia within the hair shaft only. The cuticle of the hair remains
intact
2 . Trichophyton tonsurans and T. violaceum

53
Q

Exothrix hair invasion is characterised by. ,agent?

A

development of arthroconidia on the outside of the hair shaft. The cuticle of the hair is destroyed

Common agents include Microsporum canis, Nannizzia.gypsea, Trichophyton equinum and T. verrucosum.

54
Q

Favus caused by

A

Trichophyton schoenleinii, produces favus-like-

crusts or scutula and corresponding hair loss:b

55
Q

Exothrix

A

Grey patch ringworm

56
Q

Endothrix

A

Black dot ringworm

57
Q

Clinical material for dermatophyte

A

Skin scraping
Nail scraping
Epilated hair

58
Q

بس نشوف( arthoconidia, hyphae)
لنعرف أنها => dermatophyte

A
59
Q

Direct microscopy for dermatophytosis

A

: Skin Scrapings, nail scrapings and epilated hairs should be examined using 10% KOH or calcofluor white mounts

60
Q

Culture

A

Sabouraud dextrose agar containing cycloheximide

61
Q

Treatment of dermatophytosis

A

Topical antifungal agents if you ineffected ,use systemic therapy

62
Q

Systemic candidiasis is usually seen in

A

Cell mediated immune deficiency
Aggressive cancer treatment
Immunosuppression
Transplantation Therapy

63
Q

Oropharyngeal candidiasis: including

A

thrush, glossitis(inflammation of the tongue), stomatitis and angular cheilitis.

64
Q

predisposing factors

A

The use of broad-spectrum antibiotics,
corticosteroids,
cytotoxic drugs, and
radiation therapy

65
Q

Symptoms of oropharyngeal candidiasis

A

burning or dryness of the mouth, loss of taste, and pain on swallowing

66
Q

Cutaneous candidiasis: including

A

intertrigo (by friction, moisture), diaper candidiasis, paronychia and onychomycosis

67
Q

Clinical material for candidiasis

A

Skin and nail scrapings, arine, sputum and bronchial washings, cerebrospinal fluid pleural fluid and blood; tissue biopsies from various visceral organs and indwelling catheter tips

68
Q

Direct microscopy: candidiasis

A

1 Skin and nails should be examined using 10% KOH or calcofluor white mounts

2 Exudates and body fluids should be centrifuged and the sediment examined using either 10% KOH or calcofluor white mounts and/or gram stained smears

3 Tissue sections should be stained using PAS digest, Grocott’s methenamine silver (GMS) or Gram stain

69
Q

Culture candidiasis

A

Colones are typically white to cream colored with a glabrous to waxy surface (Different colors in Chromogenic media)

70
Q

Serology for candidiasis

A

Detect for candidiasis antibody by
ELISA ,RIA

71
Q
A

Often neg in immunocompromised patients in beginning infected

Mycology (2 decks)

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