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Mycoses Flashcards

1
Q

Presents larger, softer, YELLOWISH nodule in the hair in ALL parts of the body. Give the infection and the causative agent.

A

White Piedra

Causative agent: Trichosporon beigelii

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2
Q

Treatment for Pityriasis versicolor. Give the two.

A

Selenium sulfide

Azole

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3
Q

Causative agent of a lesion that appears as dark brown or black formation of the palms

A

Cladosporium werneckii

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4
Q

Give the three possible causative agent of Pityriasis versicolor.

A
  1. Malassezia furfur
  2. Malassezia globosa
  3. Malassezia restica
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5
Q

Specimen used for the diagnosis of Tinea palmaris.

A

Skin scraping from the periphery of the skin lesion.

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7
Q

Give three types of dermatophytes according to habitat.

A

GeoPHILIC
ZooPHILIC
AnthropoPHILIC

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8
Q

Give three treatment for Tinea nigra.

A
  1. Keratolytic solutions
  2. Salicylic acid
  3. Azole
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9
Q

“Ringworm of the body”

A

Tinea corposis

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10
Q

Caused by fungi that infect only the keratinized tissue of the body. This is also called as?

A

Cutaneous mycoses

“Dermatophytes”

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11
Q

Onychomycosis

A

Tinea unguium

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12
Q

Jock itch

A

Tinea cruris

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13
Q

Two tests for Pityriasis versicolor.

A
  1. 10-20% KOH

2. Calcofluor White Stain

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14
Q

Nodular infection of the hair shaft.

A

Black Piedra

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15
Q

“Ringworm of the groin”

A

Tinea cruris

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16
Q

Causative agent of the nodular infection of the hair shaft.

A

Piedraia hortae

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18
Q

“Ringworm of the

hands or finger”

A

Tinea manus

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19
Q

“Ringworm of the scalp and hair”

A

Tinea capitis

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20
Q

“Ringworm of the beard”

A

Tinea barbae

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21
Q

What will you look for under direct microscopic examination for plucked hair specimen?

A
  1. Ectothrix

2. Endothrix

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22
Q

“Athlete’s foot”

A

Tinea pedis

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23
Q

“Ringworm of the foot”

A

Tinea pedis

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24
Q

External masses of spores that ensheath the hair shaft; may cause temporary hair loss.

A

Ectothrix

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25
Q

Infection that is resistant to treatment. Resolve itself spontaneously.

A

Tinea unguium

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26
Q

Causative agents of Tinea unguium

A
  1. Trichophyton rubrum
  2. Trichophyton mentagrophytes variety interdigitale
  3. Epidermophyton floccosum
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27
Q

Anular lesion of ringworm with a clearing scaly center surrounded by a red andvancing border that is dry, versicular on glabrous skin.

A

Tinea corporis

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28
Q

Dry, itchy lesions that often start on scrotum and spread into the groin area of the males.

A

Tinea cruris

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29
Q

Characterized by dry, scaly lesions that may include one or both hands, single finger or two or more fingers.

A

Tinea manus

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30
Q

Begins with hyphal infection of the skin of the scalp with subsequent spread down the keratinized wall of the hair follicle

A

Tinea capitis

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31
Q

What will you observe in a culture. Give three.

A
  1. Colonial morphology
  2. indentifying growth rate
  3. Surface texture
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32
Q

Characterized by yellow, brittle, thickened and crumby nails.

A

Tinea unguium

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33
Q

Specimen of choice for the diagnosis of Tinea capitis.

A

Plucked hair

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34
Q

What will you observe under the direct microscopic examination for skin and nails specimen?

A

Observe for:

  1. Branching hyphae or
  2. Chains of ARTHROCONIDIA
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35
Q

Incubation period before reporting for no growth.

A

1-3 weeks

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36
Q

Hair shaft filled with masses of large arthroconidia in chains; may cause permanent hair loss.

A

Endothrix

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37
Q

Culture used for mycoses fingi.

A

Sabouraud Dextrose Agar + Chloramphenicol + Cycloheximade

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38
Q

Treatment for Tinea corposis and Tinia cruris. Give two.

A
  1. Itraconazole

2. Terbinafine

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39
Q

Sources of Trichophyton mentagrophytes variety mentagrophytes.

A

Animals

  1. Horse
  2. Cattle
  3. Rodents
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40
Q

Sources of Microsporum canis

A

Animals

  1. Dog
  2. Cat
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41
Q

Source of Microsporum gypseum.

A

Soil

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42
Q

Cutaneous infection caused by Microsporum gypseum.

A
  1. Tinea capitis

2. Tinea corporis

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43
Q

It is characterized as slow growing organism.

A

Trichophyton rubrum

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44
Q

Microconidia with teardrop shape

A

Trichophyton rubrum

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45
Q

Prevention for acquiring dermatophytes

A
  1. Proper hygiene

2. Avoid contacts with infected animals

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46
Q

Surface of the media:
White, irregular, fluffy appearance
Reverse side of the media:
Dark red to brown

A

Trichophyton rubrum

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47
Q

Surface of the media:
White, woolly appearance
Reverse side of the media:
Yellow to brown

A

Trichophyton mentagrophytes variety interdigitale

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48
Q

Microscopic appearance:

Few microconidia with spherical shape and hyphae arrangement in spiral

A

Trichophyton mentagrophytes variety interdigitale

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49
Q

Surface of the media:
Cream and granular appearance
Reverse side of the media:
Brown in color

A

Trichophyton mentagrophytes variety mentagrophytes

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50
Q

Surface of the media:
Yellow to brown, waxy and folded ( cup shaped crusts or scutulae)
Reverse side of the media:
Colorless to yellow

A

Trichophyton schoenleinii

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51
Q

Inflamed with red lumpy areas pustules and crusting around the hair.

A

Tinea barbae

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52
Q

Antler-like hyphae under the microscope

A

Trichophyton schoeleinii

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53
Q

“black dot” ringworm appearance

A

Trichophyton tonsurans

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54
Q

Causative agent for the variety of lesions on beard, neck, wrist, back of hand in cattle and humans mostly farmers; deep pustular and inflammatory with pressure, short stubs of hair.

A

Trichophyton verrucosum

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55
Q

Under microscope:

Numerous microconidia with flat bases, aged microconidia becomes phleomorphic (balloons forms)

A

Trichophyton tonsurans

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56
Q

Under microscope:

Chlamydoconidia in chains and antler hyphae, sometimes macroconidia appears “rat tail”-like.

A

Trichophyton verrucosum

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57
Q

Under microscope:

Comb-like with terminal chlamydospores

A

Microsporum audouinii

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58
Q

Under microscope:

Presence of macroconidia with thick walled, POINTED superficial projections.

A

Microsporum canis

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59
Q

Under microscope:

Presence of macroconidia with thick walled, OVAL superficial projections.

A

Microsporum gypseum

60
Q

Surface of the media:
Greenish brown, suede-like, folded
Reverse: Yellow to brown

A

Epidemophyton floccosum

61
Q

Open wounds permit the fungi to go inside; rare type of mycoses.

A

Subcutaneous mycoses

63
Q

Only infection that is not infected by Trichophyton rubrum.

A

Tinea capitis

64
Q

“Ringworm of the nail”

A

Tinea unguium

65
Q

Type of dermatophilic inhabits man

A

Anthropophilic

66
Q

Caused by fungi that infect deeper skin layer, muscle, connective tissue and the bone.

A

Subcutaneous mycoses

67
Q

Other name for Chromomycosis.

A

Chromoblastomycosis

68
Q

Scaly wart-like lesions (cauliflower-like) on foot or leg; dematiaceous type of fungal infection.

A

Chromoblastomycosis ( Verrucous dermatitidis )

69
Q

3 General infection of Subcutaneous mycoses.

A
  1. Chromoblastomycosis
  2. Mycetoma
  3. Phaeohyphomycosis
70
Q

Give the three types of sporulation.

A
  1. Cladosporum
  2. Acrotheca
  3. Phialophora
71
Q

Elliptical conidia in chains, some shield-shaped due to scars type of sporulation

A

Cladosporum

72
Q

Conidia born singly at end and side of conidiospores type of sporulation.

73
Q

Clusters of conidia from flask-shaped phialide type of sporulation.

A

Phialophora

74
Q

Three causative agents of sporulation.

A
  1. Fonsecaea pedrosoi
  2. Cladosporium carionii
  3. Phialophora verrucosa
75
Q

Fungi that exhibit three types of sporulation in one specimen.

A

Fonsecaea pedrosoi

76
Q

Conidia only exhibit cladosporum.

A

Cladosporium carionii

77
Q

Conidia only produce phialophora.

A

Phialophora verrucosa

78
Q

Granulomatous tumor of subcutaneous tissue from tropical countries.

79
Q

Two groups of organism that causes mycetoma

A
  1. Eumycotic

2. Actinimycotic

80
Q

Characterized as true fungi for mycetoma

81
Q

Fungus-like bacteria that contain SULFUR GRANULES and come into various colors surrounded with PMN when seen under the microscope. Give the two.

A
  1. Actinomycetes

2. Nocardia

82
Q

Bacteria that can’t be stained by fungal stain, delicate, deeply stained branching filaments after gram staining.

A

Actinomycetes

83
Q

Acid fast bacilli filaments with granules

84
Q

Give the two eumycotic fungi.

A
  1. Scedosporium apiospermum

2. Pseudallescheria boydii

85
Q

More common eumycotic fungi.

A

Pseudallescheria boydii

86
Q

Imperfect stage: elliptical, sperm-shaped, brownish conidia produced singly or in small groups.

A

Scedosporium apiospermum

87
Q

Perfect stage; Hyaline molds; cause of mycetomain theUs; from SOIL, SEWAGE

A

Pseudallescheria boydii

88
Q

Rare infection of dematiaceous saprobes that invades brain, skin, lungs of immunocompromised host.

A

Phaeohyphomycosis

89
Q

Isolated or recognized an infection only after surgery.

A

Cladosporium trichoides

90
Q

Under microscope:

Long, tube-like phialides bearing clusters of single celled conidia at tips.

A

Wangiella dermatitidis

91
Q

Caused by fungi that infects internal organs.

A

Systemic mycoses

92
Q

Routes for systemic mycoses. Give three.

A
  1. Respiratory/ inhalation
  2. Gastrointestinal
  3. Direct inoculation of skin
93
Q

Dimorphic form that is isolated from clinical sample.

A

Yeast form

94
Q

Dimorphic form that is cultured and incubated.

95
Q

Give the causative agent for the disease:
Spelunker’s disease
Darling’s disease
Cave’s disease

A

Histoplasma capsulatum

96
Q

Give the causative agent for the disease:
Gilchrist disease
North American blastomycosis
Ohio River Valley Disease

A

Blastomyces dermatitidis

97
Q

Give the causative agent for the disease:

San Joaquin Valley Fever

A

Coccidioides immitis

98
Q

South American Blastomycosis

A

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

99
Q

Give the causative agent for the disease:

Rose Gardener’s disease

A

Sporothrix schenckii

100
Q

Give the causative agent for the characteristic of:

Mycelia: Lollipop form

A

Blastomyces dermatitidis

101
Q

Give the causative agent for the characteristic of:

Mycelia: Alternately staining arthroconidia

A

Coccidioides immitis

102
Q

Give the causative agent for the characteristic of:
Mycelia: Lollipop form
Blastospores with multiple bands, “mariner’s wheel”

A

Paracoccidiodes brasiliensis

103
Q

Give the causative agent for the characteristic of:
Cigar-shaped cells
Mycelia: Delicate hyphae with ovoid alongside or in ROSETTE HEADS

A

Sporothrix schenckii

104
Q

This infects localizing patients that are immunocompromised; saprobes/ saprophytic fungi.

A

Opportunistic mycoses

105
Q

Candidiasis concentratedin oral cavity.

106
Q

Differentiate C. albicand from other Candida spp.

A

Germ tube test

107
Q

Two other name for cryptococcosis.

A
  1. European Blastomycosis

2. Torulosis

108
Q

Used to differentiate C. neoformans (+) from Candida spp. (-)

A

Urease Test

109
Q

True yeast (without mold form) ( no mycelial form or pseudohyphae)

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

110
Q

Causes Torulosis

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

111
Q

Cause meningitis through inhalation of spores.

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

112
Q

Two stain used for the SCREENING OF YEAST FORM : Capsulated.

A
  1. India ink

2. Nigrossin

113
Q

Serum Test for the observation of agglutination or clumping.

A

Latex agglutination Test

114
Q

Give the three special medium.

A
  1. Birdseed agar
  2. Niger seed agar
  3. Staib’s agar
115
Q

Medium used for pigmentation. Give its reagent.

A

Staib’s agar

Reagent: Caffeine acid medium

116
Q

Causes Fusariosis

117
Q

Causative agent that gives lavander to purple colonies in culture.

118
Q

Causative agent that characterized as banana-shaped microconidia under microscope.

119
Q

Serological Test for Cryptococcus.

A

Cryptococcal Antigen Latex Agglutination System

120
Q

How to diagnose using the right antigen for aspergillosis?

A

Based on colored colonies.

121
Q

Green spores Aspergillus

A

Aspergillus fumigatus

122
Q

Yellow spore Aspergillus.

A

Aspergillus flavus

123
Q

Black spore producing Aspergillus.

A

Aspergillus niger

124
Q

Carcinogenic toxin producer Aspergillus. Give the toxin produced.

A

Aspergillus flavus - Aflatoxin

125
Q

Principle of Anti-fungal Agents.

A

Binds and ruptures ERGOSTEROL.

126
Q

Side effects of Anti-fungal Agents. Give atleast three.

A
  1. Impotence
  2. Menstrual irregularity
  3. elevation of liver function tests.
127
Q

Most effective drug for systemic mycosies and opportunistic infection; Metabolite of Streptomyces

A

Amphoterecin B

128
Q

This is given with Amphotericin B through IV that dissolve in dextrose solution.

A

SODIUM DEOXYCHOLATE

129
Q

Fluorinated derivative of cytosine. Taken orally.

A

Flucytosine.

130
Q

Poisonous substance that can cause acute or chronic intoxication and sever, fatal damage to the liver and kindey, usually produced by mushrooms.

131
Q

Stains the chitin part of the cell wall.

A

Lactophenol cotton blue

132
Q

Stains the polysaccharides. Pink to red with Blue nuclei.

A

Periodic Acid Schiff Stain

133
Q

Colors the outline Black. (Silver Stain)

A

Gomori Methylene Stain

134
Q

Color the hyphae DARK BLUE.

A

Gridley Stain

135
Q

Stain Crytococcus neofrmans DEEP ROSE.

A

Mayer mucicarmine stain

136
Q

Medium for Aspergillus spp.

A

Czapek’s Medium

137
Q

Medium for pigment of fungi.

A

Potato Dextrose Agar

138
Q

Medium for the enhancement of Chlamydospores and Candida.

A

Cornmeal Tween 80 Agar

139
Q

Selective Agar with chloramphenicol and cycloheximade.

A

Mycosel Agar

140
Q

Special medium for Cryptococcus neoformans.

A

Staib’s Agar

141
Q

Medium for isolation of blastomyces dermatitidis (yeast form)

A

Cottonseed Agar

142
Q

Medium for sperule formation. For Coccidioides immitis.

A

Levine’s Medium

143
Q

Medium for melanin pigmentation of Cryptococcus neoformans.

A

Caffeic Acid Medium

144
Q

Most common cause of fungal pneumonia for HIV patients.

A

Pneumocystis jiroveci

Mycology (1 decks)

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