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Mycology > Mycology terms > Flashcards

Mycology terms Flashcards

1
Q

Acropleurogenous

A

Conidia developing at the tip and along the sides of the conidiophore.

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2
Q

Ameroconidium (pl. ameroconidium)

A

A one-celled conidium.

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3
Q

Anamorph

A

An asexual state of a fungus.

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4
Q

Anisogamous planogametes

A

motile gametes which are morphologically similar but which differ in size

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5
Q

Anisogamy

A

union of planogametes which are morphologically similar but which differ in size.

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6
Q

Apothecium

A

cup-shaped fruitbody of certain ascomycetes fungi

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7
Q

arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM)

A

(a mycorrhiza) where fungi from the Glomeromycota penetrate the roots of a (usually herbaceous) plant and provide the plant with water and nutrients while the plant supplies sugars to the fungus

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8
Q

Apothecium

A

an open ascocarp

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9
Q

Archicarp

A

the initial stage of a fruiting body.

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10
Q

Ascocarp

A

Fruitbody of an ascomycete fungus

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11
Q

Ascogonium

A

the female gametangium of the Ascomycota

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12
Q

Ascomycetes

A

A group of fungi that reproduce sexually by the endogenous formation of ascospores in an ascus.

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13
Q

Ascospores

A

sexual spores produced in the asci of ascomycetes fungi

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14
Q

ascus

A

(pl., asci) the spore-producing cell of an ascomycetes fruitbody

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15
Q

Aseptate

A

Lacking septa, often pertaining to the hyphae seen in zygomycetes (also see coenocytic).

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16
Q

basidiocarp

A

fruitbody of a basidiomycete fungus

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17
Q

basidiomycetes

A

a - Class of fungi that produce their spores on basidia

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18
Q

basidiospores

A

sexual spores produced on the basidia of basidiomycetes fungi

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19
Q

basidium

A

(pl., basidia) spore-producing cell of a basidiomycete fungus

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20
Q

biotrophic

A

feeding on living cells of other organisms

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21
Q

Bud

A

A young conidium. Usually used to denote the young blastoconidia of yeasts.

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22
Q

Budding

A

Asexual multiplication by the production of a small outgrowth or bud from a parent cell.

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23
Q

bulbous

A

(describing a stem) with a swollen base

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24
Q

Chlamydoconidium

A

A thick-walled, thallic conidium formed within the vegetative hyphae. Chlamydoconidia function as organs of perennation rather than dissemination.

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25
Q

chlamydospores

A

asexual spores formed by the breaking up of fungal hyphae

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26
Q

clamp connection

A

swollen area formed around septum in a hypha during cell division

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27
Q

Cleistothecium

A

An enclosed ascocarp containing randomly dispersed asci.

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28
Q

Colony

A

a group of individuals of the same species living in close association. In fungi, the term usually refers to any hyphae growing out of a single point and forming a round or globose thallus.

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29
Q

Columella (pl. columellae)

A

A sterile dome-like structure at the tip of a sporangiophore or within a sporangium.

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30
Q

Conidiophore

A

A specialized hypha upon which conidia develop.

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31
Q

Conidium (pl. conidia)

A

An asexual reproductive propagule formed in any manner that does not involve cytoplasmic cleavage. Conidia function as organs of dissemination.

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32
Q

Denticle

A

A small projection or peg on which conidia are produced.

33
Q

dichotomous

A

forking/divided into pairs – as in logical decision-making trees

34
Q

Dictyoconidium

A

A conidium with both longitudinal and transverse septa; a muriform conidium.

35
Q

Didmoconidium

A

A two celled conidium.

36
Q

Dikaryon

A

a pair of closely associated nuclei, each derived from a different parent cell.

37
Q

ectomycorrhiza

A

(a mycorrhiza) where the fungus forms sheathes around plant rootlets (often of a tree), growing between but not penetrating the cells of the plant root, and providing the plant with water and nutrients while the plant supplies sugars to the fungus

38
Q

endomycorrhiza

A

mycorrhiza in which fungal hyphae penetrate cell walls of host plan

39
Q

endophyte

A

fungus living within a plant without causing visible symptoms of harm

40
Q

Exudate

A

Droplets of fluid formed on the surface of a colony.

41
Q

Facultative parasite

A

an organism capable of infecting another living organism or of growing on dead organic matter, according to circumstances.

42
Q

Facultative saprobe

A

an organism capable of growing on dead organic matter, or of infecting another living organism, according to circumstances.

43
Q

Fission

A

the splitting of a cell into two cells directly.

44
Q

Fructification

A

any fungal structure that contains or bears spores.

45
Q

Fungus

A

One of the achlorophyllous thallophytes whose somatic structures are usually filamentous and branched fungi have cell walls and demonstrable nuclei. They reproduce typically both by sexual and asexual means.

46
Q

Germ tube

A

The initial hypha that develops from a conidium or spore.

47
Q

Haustorium

A

absorbing organ originating on a hypha of a parasite and penetrating into a cell of the host. Most often associated with obligate parasites, but also produced by some facultative parasites.

48
Q

hemicellulose

A

amorphous (non-crystalline) polysaccharides in plant cell walls

49
Q

Heteroecism

A

the necessity of two host species for the completion of the life cycle of certain parasitic fungi.

50
Q

Heterogametes

A

male and female gametes that are distinguishable morphologically

51
Q

Heterokaryotic

A

containing nuclei of different strains.

52
Q

hyaline

A

clear (colourless) when viewed under a microscope

53
Q

hygrophanous

A

appearing translucent when wet, paler and opaquer when dry

54
Q

hymenium

A

fertile spore-bearing tissue (e.g. on mushroom gill or pore surfaces)

55
Q

Hypha (pl. hyphae)

A

A single filament of a fungus.

56
Q

Isogamete

A

gametes, presumably of opposite sex, which are indistinguishable morphologically

57
Q

lamellae

A

gills

58
Q

Medium

A

sub-stratum of a balanced chemical composition employed in the laboratory for growing microorganisms. Media may be used in the liquid state or may be solidified with agar, gelatin, or other solidifying agents.

59
Q

mycelium

A

body of a fungus, most of which is underground or hidden within wood

60
Q

mycobiont

A

the fungal component of a lichen or of a mycorrhizal partnership

61
Q

mycorrhiza

A

structure by which a fungus and a plant exchange nutrients mutually

62
Q

necrotrophic

A

feeding by killing and consuming (part of) another organism

63
Q

Obligate parasite

A

an organism which can obtain food only from living protoplasm. Obligate parasites cannot be grown in culture on non-living media organelle

64
Q

parasitism

A

process whereby an organism feeds at the expense of another (host)

65
Q

Parthenogenesis

A

the development of the normal product of sexual reproduction from the female gamete alone.

66
Q

Peridium

A

The outer wall of an ascocarp.

67
Q

photobiont

A

photosynthesizing component (alga or cyanobacterium) of a lichen

68
Q

Rhizoids

A

A short branching root-like hyphae seen in some Zygomycetes.

69
Q

Sclerotium (sclerotia)

A

A mass of thick-walled cells formed by the vegetative hyphae that function as an organ of perennation.

70
Q

septate

A

(describing hyphae) partitioned by cross walls known as sept

71
Q

septum

A

(pl., septa) a cross wall separating cells of a hyphal thread

72
Q

Sporangiophore

A

hypha that bears a sporangium

73
Q

Sporangium

A

a cell that contains one or more spores. Generally an asexual structure

74
Q

spore

A

reproductive structure of a fungus, usually a single cel

75
Q

sporophore

A

fungal fruitbody

76
Q

stipe

A

stem of a mushroom

77
Q

Teleomorph

A

The sexual state of a fungus.

78
Q

thallus

A

(pl., thalli) the body of a fungus or a lichen

Mycology (1 decks)

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