MYCOLOGY TERMINOLOGIES Flashcards
Hyphal units above the colony agar interface.
Aerial
A fungus (dermatophyte) that preferentially grows on man rather than other animals or the soil.
Anthropophilic
A thallic conidium released by either the splitting of a double septum or by the fragmentation or lysis of a dysjunctor cell.
Arthroconidium
Pl. arthroconidia
A fruiting body containing asci and ascospores.
Ascocarp
A group of fungi that reproduce sexually by the endogenous formation of ascospores in an ascus.
Ascomycetes
A sac-like cell containing ascospores.
Ascus
Pl. asci
A haploid spore produced within an ascus following karyogamy and meiosis.
Ascospore
Lacking septa, often pertaining to the hyphae seen in zygomycetes.
Aseptate
A cell that gives rise to a basidiospore.
Basidium
A group of fungi that reproduce sexually by the exogenous formation of basidiospores from a basidium.
Basidiomycetes
A haploid spore produced on a basidium following karyogamy and meiosis.
Basidiospore
A chain of conidia having the youngest cell at the tip.
Blastocatenate
An asexual conidium that forms by a blowing out or budding process.
Blastoconidium
Pl. blastoconidia
A type of asexual reproduction commonly found in yeasts.
Bud
Hyaline mucopolysaccharide covering around the body of certain yeasts
Capsule
What does Catenulate mean?
Conidia arranged in chains.
Fungi species with capsule
Cryptococcus and Rhodotorula
Club-shaped
Clavate
An enclosed ascocarp containing randomly dispersed asci.
Cleistothecium
Pl. cleistothecia
A remnant of a cell wall present at the tip of a phialide, or around a sporangiophore.
Collarette
A sterile invagination / dome-like structure at the tip of a sporangiophore or within a sporangium.
Columella
Thick-walled resistant resting spore, especially in Histoplasma capsulatum.
Chlamydospore
Without septa.
Coenocytic / Nonseptate
Cell that gives rise to a conidium.
Conidiogenous cell
Reproductive propagule produced in the absence of nuclear recombination, representing anamorphic or asexual reproduction.
Conidium
Specialized hypha that gives rise to, or bears a conidium.
Conidiophore
Infection of hair, skin, and nails caused by fungi other than dermatophytes.
Dermatophyte
Fungus having brown or black melanotic pigment in the cell wall.
Dematiaceous
Type of branching of hyphae that is repetitious without pattern, branches are approximately equal in size.
Dichotomous
Having two forms.
Dimorphic
An artificial subdivision to accommodate those fungi where only the asexual state is known.
Deuteromycetes
A slow growing variant.
Dysgonic
Covered with delicate spines.
Echinulate
Forming a sheath of arthroconidia on the outside of a hair shaft. Cuticle of the hair is destroyed.
Ectothrix
Arthroconidia formed inside a hair shaft. Cuticle of the hair remains intact.
Endothrix
Fluffy or cottony.
Floccose
Presence of fungi in the blood.
Fungemia
Initial hypha from a sprouting conidia, spore, or yeast.
Germ tube
A fungus that requires mating between two compatible strains for sexual reproduction to occur.
Heterothallic
A scar at the base of a conidium.
Hilum
A mode of blastic conidium ontogeny in which all the cell wall layers of the conidiogenous cell are involved in conidium development.
Holoblastic
A mode of thallic conidium ontogeny in which all the cell wall layers of the conidiogenous cell are involved in conidium development.
Holothallic
A fungus capable of sexual reproduction on a single thallus.
Homothallic
Colourless.
Hyaline / Hyalo
A single/vegetative filament of a fungus.
Hyphae
Pl. Hyphae
Formed within a hyphal unit.
Intercalary
The larger of two different types of conidia produced by a fungus in the same manner.
Macroconidium
The smaller of two types of conidia produced in the same manner by the same fungus.
Microconidium
Mass of hyphae making up a fungus colony.
Mycelium
A sterile cell below the phialides of some Aspergillus and Penicillium species.
Metula
Pl. Metulae
Black.
Niger
Like the teeth of a comb.
Pectinate
Darkly pigmented.
Phaeo
Fragile string of cells that result from the budding of blastoconidia that have remained attached to each other.
A string of elongated blastoconidia formed in some yeasts that resemble a hypha-like filament.
Pseudohypha
A film-like or skin-like surface growth.
Pellicle
The brush-like conidiophore of Penicillium.
Penicillus
Pl. Penicilli
A specialized conidiogenous cell that produces conidia in basipetal succession without increasing in length.
Phialide
Having more than one form.
Pleomorphic
Pear-shaped
Pyriform
A hypha composed of a number of cells swollen at one end resembling a tennis racquet.
Racquet hyphae
Root-like structure. Used in the identification of some Zygomycetes.
Rhizoid
A cross wall in a hypha.
Septum
Pl. septa
Covered in small spines.
Spinulose / Spinose
A sac-like structure producing asexual spores endogenously by cytoplasmic cleavage.
Sporangium
An asexual spore produced within a sporangium; reproductive unit formed in a sporangium.
Sporiangiospore
Specialized hypha that gives rise to a sporangium.
Sporiangiophore
A reproductive propagule formed by either meiosis or mitosis.
Spore
Star-shaped.
Stellate
A small pointed structure upon which a basidiospore forms.
Sterigma
Pl. sterigmata
A running hypha from which rhizoids and sporangiospores arise.
Stolon
Sexual state of a fungus.
Teleomorph
Formed at the end of a structure.
Terminal
Spines or finger-like projections on macroconidia (Histoplasma capsulatum); wart-like structures.
Tuberculate
A mode of conidial ontogeny where a conidium is formed from a pre-existing hyphal segment or cell.
Thallic
Having swellings at intervals.
Toruloid
Phialides arising directly from a vesicle as in Aspergillus.
Uniserate
Having many warts.
Verrucose
Swollen or bladder-like cell.
Vesicle
Unicellular fungus, usually round or ovoid, that reproduces by budding.
Yeast
Infecting lower animals rather than man.
Zoophilic
A thick-walled sexual spore formed by the fusion of two similar gametangia; characteristic of the Zygomycetes.
Zygospore
