Mycology Part 1 Flashcards
Sac-like structure containing usually 8 ascospores
Ascus
developed during sexual production in the class Ascomycetes
Ascus
reproductive bodies of a fungus
spores
spores are formed directly from _ or _
vegetative mycelium or specialized hyphae
_ is a subcutaneous mycosis often the result of traumatic inoculation of a _ fungus into the skin; etiologic agents include species of _, _, _, and _
Chromoblastomycosis
Dematiaceous
Cladosporium, Fonsecaea, Exophiala, and Phialophora
A cell or an aseptate hypha with numerous nuclei
Coenocytic
A specialized branch of hypha on which conidia are developed
Conidiophores
pigmented, dark in color, usually gray or black
dematiaceous
fungi that causes superficial mycoses
dermatophyte
ability of some fungi to grow as either yeast or filamentous stages, depending on conditions of growth
Diphasic or Dimorphic
ability of fungus to grow outside of a hair shaft
ectothrix
ability of fungus to grow and penetrate into hair shaft
endothrix
derived from internal source
endogenous
derived from external source
exogenous
organisms possessing a true nucleus such as fungi
eukaryotes
organisms that do not contain a nuclear membrane such as bacteria
prokaryotes
fungal blood infection
fungemia
large class of fungi with septate hyphae in which the asexual state of reproduction is known but not the sexual state
fungi imperfecti
fungi imperfecti are also called _
deuteromycetes
_ include majority of the medically significant fungi
fungi imperfecti or deutoromycetes
small projections which arise from cells of certain yeasts, indicates the onset of hyphal formation
germ tube
colorless, clear
hyaline
term generally referring to filamentous fungi
mold
Mycetoma is a clinical syndrome of _, _ lesions in the _ and _ tissues due to infections, often a foot, with _ or fungi
localized, tumorous lesions
cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues
actinomycetes
a disease caused by a fungus
mycosis
toxins of fungal origin
mycotoxins
oospore is also called _ , a sexual spore produced trough the fusion of two (A) like (B) unlike nuclei. (Class _)
zygospore
unlike
Phycomycetes
fungi having sexual and asexual reproductive stages
Perfect fungi
_ a class of fungi forming a coenocytic mycelium with stiff sporangiospores contained in a _
phycomycetes
sporangium
Phycomycetes is a class of fungi forming a _ _ with _ _ contained in a sporangium
coenocytic mycelium
stiff sporangiospores
A chain of elongated budding cells that have failed to detach
pseudohyphae
no true hyphae
pseudohyphae
_ is a term used to describe circular or ring-like lesions produced by _
ringworm
dermatophytes
root-like structures
rhizoids
any plant organism that obtains its nourishment from dead organic matter
Saprobe (saprophyte)
sexual reproduction - _ or_ formation follows the fusion of (A) one (B) two haploid nuclei
zygote or spore
two
A special aerial hypha or stalk bearing a sporangium
Sporangiosphore
sporangiosphore is a _ _ _ or _ _ a _
special aerial hypha
stalk bearing a sporangium
a sac or cell containing spores produced asexually
sporangium
occasionally, a resistant body for adverse environment
spore
a specialized structure that arises from a basidium and supports basidiospores
Sterigmata
sterigmata is a specialized structure that arises from a _ and supports _
basidium
basidiospores
mycosis that results from an inoculation with Sporothrix schenckii, lymphocutaneous type is most common
Sporotrichosis
Sporotrichosis is a mycosis that results from an inoculation with _ _, and the most common type is _
Sporothrix schenckii
lymphocutaneous
sexual form of fungus
Telemorph
spore formed by a change in portions of the thallus
Thallospore
prefix used with the infected are of the body to indicate a cutaneous mycosis
Tinea (ringworm)
pasty or mucoid form of fungus growth, microscopically shows predominance of budding cells
yeast
yeast is a _ or _ form of fungus growth, microscopically shows predominance of _ _
pasty or mucoid form
budding cells
Are dermatophytes which are parasitic on lower animals as well as man
zoophilic
Fungal Structure:
Are long, branching filaments that come together to form the mycelium
Hyphae
Fungal Structure:
The two main types of hypae
Septate and Sparsely sepatate (aseptate)
Type of hyphae that have cellular separation or cross walls
Septate hyphae
Type of hyphae that range in diameter of 3 to 6 um
septate hyphae
Type of hyphae that range in diameter of 5 to 15 um
sparsely septate (aseptate) hyphae
Type of hyphae that contain few or if any cellular separations
sparsely septate (aseptate) hyphae
Also refers to hyphae lacking cross walls
Coenocytic
Fungal Structure:
How does pseudohyphae differ from true hyphae (3 answers)
(1) are constricted at the septa
(2) form branches that begin with septation
(3) have terminal cells smaller than other cells
Fungal Structure:
(2) Classification of Hyphae
Vegetative and Aerial hyphae
Classification of Hyphae:
Function in food absorption
Vegetative hyphae
Classification of Hyphae:
Function is to support reproductive structures called conidia
Aerial hyphae
Classification of Hyphae:
the portion that extends below the agar surface or nutrient substrate
vegetative hyphae
Classification of Hyphae:
the portion that extends above the agar surface or nutrient substrate
aerial hyphae
Fungal structure:
_ are sporelike asexual reproductive structures not produced by cleavage, conjugation, or free-cell formation and are only formed by _ _
Conidia
imperfect fungi
Conidia morphology is important in _ _
fungal identification
Conidia classification is based on _ _ _
Conidia morphologic development
Are single-celled, small conidia
Microconidia
Are multicellular, large conidia
Macroconidia
What are the types of conidia (6)
Arthroconidia, Blastoconidia, Chlamydoconidia, Poroconidia, Phialoconidia, Anelloconidia
Type of Conidia:
Are conidia resulting from the fragmentation of hyphae into individual cells. Some fungi will have this type of conidia separated by normal ( _ ) cells
Arthroconidia
Type of Conidia:
Are conidia that form as the result of budding
Blastoconidia
Type of Conidia:
Result from terminal cells in the hyphae that enlarge and have thick walls.
Chlamydoconidia
Type of Conidia:
That can survive adverse environmental conditions
Chlamydoconidia
Type of Conidia:
Are found in molds
Chlamydoconidia
Similar structures of Chlamydoconidia called _ that are found in hyphae produced by some cells
Chlamydospores
Type of Conidia:
Formed by being pushed through a small pore in the parent cell
Poroconidia
Type of Conidia:
Are tube-shaped conidia that can be branched
Phialoconidia
Type of Conidia:
Are vase-shaped conidia
Anelloconidia
Anelloconidia, the remaining parent outer cell wall takes on what appearance as the conidia are released
Saw-toothed appearance
Sexual and Asexual Reproduction:
The production that requires the formation of specialized fungal structures called spores
Sexual Reproduction
Sexual and Asexual Reproduction:
Fungi that undergo sexual reproduction are termed as _ _
Perfect fungi
Sexual and Asexual Reproduction:
Only involves division of nucleus and cytoplasm
Asexual reproduction
Sexual and Asexual Reproduction:
Fungi that undergo asexual reproduction are termed as _ _ and the only fungal group to produce conidia
Imperfect Fungi
Sexual Reproduction:
4 types of spores
Ascospores, Basidiospores, Oospores, Zygospores
Type or spores:
Are spores contained in a sac-like structure
Ascospores
Type or spores:
Are spores contained in a club-shaped structure
Basidiospore
Type or spores:
Are spores resulting from the fusion of cells from two different hyphae
Oospores
Type or spores:
Are spores resulting from the fusion of two identical hyphae
Zygospores
