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Mycology Intro > Mycology Intro > Flashcards

Mycology Intro Flashcards

1
Q

What do Fungi have in their cell membranes instead of cholesterol?

A

Ergosterol

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2
Q

What are yeasts?

A

Oval, unicellular fungi. They reproduce via budding and form blastospores ( asexual spores ) and may develop pseudohyphae (budding yeast remaining attached)

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3
Q

What are molds?

A

Fungi that are a multinucleate mass of continuous cytoplasm confined within a series of tubular filaments; growth is by branching and longitudinal extension. (hyphae elongate at theirs tips by apical extension)

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4
Q

What are Coenocytic hyphae?

A

Hyphae which do not have septate (aseptate)

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5
Q

What are septate hyphae?

A

Hyphae that possess septa. Septa are cross-walls which are perforated and allow the free passage of (nuclei and) cytoplasm

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6
Q

What are condidia?

A

asexual spores produced at the tip or side of a hypha

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7
Q

What are conidiophores?

A

specialized aerial structures that consist of phialides ( aerial hyphae) which produce conidia.

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8
Q

What are sporangiaphores?

A

specialized aerial structures that produce sporangia- sacs containing asexual spores

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9
Q

What is an arthroconidia?

A

an asexual spore which is the product of separation and fragmentation of true fungal hyphae

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10
Q

What is the fungal form that reproduces sexually called?

A

A teleomorph

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11
Q

What is the fungal form that reproduces asexually called?

A

An anamorph

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12
Q

What is a diagnostic indicator of Candida albicans?

A

The production of germ tubes

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13
Q

What are pseudohyphae?

A

Yeasts buds that elongate and remain attached to the parent cell forming chains. Can be differentiated from hypae by their rounded edges.

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14
Q

What are the superficial mycoses?

A

Malassezia furfur
Hortae werneckii
Piedraia hortae
Trichosporon

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15
Q

What are the cutaneous mycoses?

A

Trichophyton
Epidermophyton
Microsporum

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16
Q

What are the subcutaneous mycoses?

A

Acremonium
Fusarium
Alternaria
Cladosporium

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17
Q

What are the systemic mycoses?

A

Histoplasma
Blastomyces
Coccidioidies
Paracoccidiodes

18
Q

What are the fungal opportunistic pathogens?

A 
Aspergillus
Candida
Cryptococcus
Pneumocystis
Zygomycosis
19
Q

How do fungi reproduce sexually?

A

Cells of opposite mating types fuse, the nuclei fuse and chromosomes mix, the chromosome number halves and the cell returns to the haploid state.

20
Q

What are Basidiomycetes?

A

Fungi that when they reproduce sexually form a club shaped structure called a Basidium ( formed from the fusion of hyphae).

21
Q

What are Ascomycetes?

A

Fungi that when they reproduce sexually create an Ascus from the fusing of hyphae.

22
Q

What are Zygomycetes?

A

Fungi that when they reproduce sexually form a zygospore from the fusion of hyphae. When they asexually reproduce they form chlamydoconidia, conidia and sporangiospores contained in sporangia.

23
Q

What are some examples of Basidiomycetes?

A

Cryptococcus neoformans,
Malassezia
Trichosporon
(all yeast)

24
Q

What is Pneumocystidomycetes?

A

A class within the Ascomycetes phylum. Includes Pneumocystis jirovecii.

25
Q

What are some examples of Zygomycetes?

A

Rhizopus

Mucor

26
Q

What is Saccharomycetes?

A

A class within the phylum Ascomycetes. Includes Candida and Saccharomyces.

27
Q

What is Eurtiomycetes?

A

A class within the phylum Ascomycetes. Includes The dermatophytes and Blastomyces, Histoplasma, Aspergillus, Fursarium, Scedosporium, and Coccidioides.

28
Q

What are the morphological and reproductive characteristics of Eurtiomycetes?

A

They are fillamentous with septate hyphae. Utilize asexual conidia borne on specialized structures called conidiophores

29
Q

What are the morphological and reproductive characteristics of Saccharomycetes?

A

Budding yeasts and hyphae, pseudohyphae (chains of cells resembling hyphae)

30
Q

What are the morphological and reproductive characteristics of Pneumocystidomycetes?

A

Trophic forms and cyst like structures. Fusion of compatible mating types results in a spherical cyst or spore case containing 8 spores.

31
Q

What are the morphological and reproductive characteristics of Basidiomycetes?

A

Filamentous forms have hyphae that produce basidiospores in nature. Others are Budding yeasts,

32
Q

What are the morphological and reproductive characteristics of Zygomycetes?

A

Molds with Broad, thin-walled coenocytic hyphae and spores contained by sporangium. Have root like structures. in some genera are called rhizoids.

33
Q

What is a disease caused by Zygomycetes?

A

Mucormycosis

34
Q

What is the most widely used staining method for fungi?

A

Lactophenol Cotton Blue

35
Q

What growth media additive is required for culturing Malassezia furfur?

A

Olive oil (or any long chain fatty acid). Due to Malassezia furfur living on the scalp near sebaceous glands.

36
Q

What is an example of a fungus that requires blood in its growth media?

A

H. capsulatum

37
Q

What are the enriched media that should be used if fungi is suspected?

A

Brain heart infusion ( BHI)

Sabouraud dextrose and BHI ( SABHI

38
Q

What is Amphotericin B?

A

A polyene anti-fungal. Works by binding ergosterol and forming pores in the fungal cell membrane.

39
Q

What is clinically important about Pneumocystis jirovecii?

A

It causes Pneumocystis pneumonia, which is a key indicator that a patient is immunocompromised (such as those with AIDS)

40
Q

What is clinically important about Coccidioides immitis?

A

Causes valley fever. Spores are found in dust and is widespread throughout the Southwestern United States.

Mycology Intro (1 decks)

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