Mycology by Kurt Asperas Flashcards
MOA of azole antifungals
inhibit ergosterol synthesis
allergiv bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
Aspergillus fumigatus
Aflatoxin causing liver cancer
Aspergillus flavus
Liver necrosis due to amanitin and phlloidin
Amanita mushrooms
Nonspecific agar for fungi
Saboraud’s agar (low pH inhibits bacteria)
Ringworms =
Dermatophytes
3 important dermatophytes
derMETophytes - Microsporum canis, Epidermophyton floccosum, Trichophyton tonsurans)
Green fluorescence on wood’s lamp
Ringworms (specifically microsporum)
Spaghetti and meatballs
Malassezia furfur (Tinea versicolor/An-an)
Rose gardeners
Sporothrix schenckii
DOC for Sporotrichosis
Itraconzole or Potassium Iodide
Mold in soil; SPHERULE in tissue
Coccidiodes immitis
Transmission of Coccidiodes immitis
inhalation of ARTHROSPORES (arthrospores form spherules filled with endospores)
DOC for coccidiodes
Amphotericin B or Itraconazole (fluconazole if with meningitis)
Bird droppings, Starlings, bat guano
Histoplasma capsulatum
2 forms of asexual spores of H. capsulatum
Tuberculate macroconidia(diagnostic) and microconidia (infective)
Histoplasma Hides inside Macrophages
develop into budding yeasts inside macrophages, spreads to liver and spleen
Name 2 great mimickers of TB
Histoplasmosis and Paragonimus
Round yeast with broad based buds
Blastomyces dermatitidis
Most common cause of fungal pneumonia
Blastomyces dermatitidis
Transmission of blastomycosis
inhalation of conidia
DOC for blastomycosis
Itraconazole (amphotericin if severe)
Mariner’s Wheel
Paracoccidiodes brasiliensis
Transmission of paracoccidioidomycosis
Inhalation of conidia
DOC for paracoccidiodomycosis
Itraconazole
5 opportunistic mycoses
Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, Aspergillus fumugatus; Rhizopus oryzae and Mucor spp.; Pneumocystis jiroveci
Oval yeast with a single bud or as pseudohyphae
Candida albicans
Germ tubes in serum and chlamydo-spores in culture
Candida albicans
DOC for oral thrush from candida
Nystatin
DOC for skin infections from candida
clotrimazole
DOC for disseminated candidiasis
amphotericin B
DOC for chemoprophylaxis for candida
fluconazole
MCC of fungal septicemia
Candida albicans
Oval yeast wth narrow based bud surrounded by a wide polysaccharide capsule
Cryptococcus neoformans
Staining techniques for cryptococcus
India ink with Nigrosin
Screening test for cryptococcus
CALAS (Cryptococcal antigen latex agglutination system)
Pigeon droppings
Cryptococcus neoformans
Transmission of cryptococcus
Inhalation of yeasts
MCC of meningoencephalitis among AIDS patients
Cryptococcus neoformans
DOC for Cryptococcus
amphotericin B and Flucytosine
DOC for chemoprophylaxis for cryptococcus
fluconazole
septate hyphae that form V-shaped (dichotomous) branches in acute angles
Aspergillus fumigatus
T or F: Aspergillus fumigatus only exists as MOLDS
TRUE!
Transmission of aspergillosis
inhalation of conidia
Asthmatic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (APBA)
Asthmatic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (APBA)
DOC for aspergillosis
amphotericin B
Saprophytic molds with nonseptate hyphae with walls and branches at right angles
Mucormycosis
Rhino-orbital-cerebral infection with eschar formation
Mucormycosis
Patients at risk for mucormycosis
DKA, Burns, Leukemia
BAL washings stained with toluidine blue and methenamine silver stain
Pneumocystis jiroveci
Transmission of pneumocystis
inhalation of cysts
Most common AIDS defining illness
Pneumocystis jiroveci
Frothy exudate that blocks oxygen exchange
Pneumocystis jiroveci
Diffuse interstitial pneumonia with ground glass infiltrates
Pneumocystis jiroveci
DOC for pneumocystis
TMP-SMX