Mycology Flashcards
Fungi exist in what two forms
Molds that grow as hyphae and grow by extending in length
Yeasts that grow as single cells and reproduce by budding
Are fungi eukaryotic or prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
What environment do fungi require to grow
Aerobic environment with a carbon source
What are the virulence factors of fungi
Capsule
Cell wall made of chitin (polysaccharide)
Cell membrane containing ergosterol
What is it called when a fungus can exist in two forms
Dimorphic
What is the only superficial fungal infection
Pityriasis versicolor (tinea versicolor)
Etiology of Pityriasis versicolor
Malasserzia furor
How do you diagnose Pityriasis versicolor
KOH
What does pityriasis versicolor look like after a KOH test
Spaghetti and Meatballs
Treatment for Pityriasis versicolor
Topical creams
What are cutaneous fungal infections caused by
Candidiasis and Dermatophytes: Trichophyton Epidermophyton Microsporum
Name the types of dermatophyte infections
Tinea corpus - body Tinea cruris - groin, scrotum Tinea pedis - feet Tinea capitis - scalp Tinea unguium - nails
Treatment for dermatophyte infections
Topical creams
Etiology of Candidiasis
Candida albicans
What types of infections can Candidiasis cause in a normal host
Mouth - Oral thrush
Vagina - Candidal vaginitis
Groin - diaper rash
What types of infections can Candidiasis cause in immunocompromised patient.
Esophagitis
Disseminated
What type of fungus causes subcutaneous fungal infections
Sporothrix schenckii (spirotrichosis)
Where is Sporothrix schenckii found
In soil and plants (rose thorns)
What causes systemic fungal infections
Histoplasma capsulatum
Blastomyces dermatitidis
Coccodioides immitis
Where is Histoplasma capsulatum found
In soil with bird and bat droppings; nitrogen rich soil
Treatment for Histoplasma capsulatum
Oral
Histoplasma capsulatum causes what?
Histoplasmosis
Blastomyces dermatitidis causes what?
Blastomycosis
Where is Blastomyces dermatitidis found
Soil and decomposing wood and leaves
What does Coccidioides immitus cause
Coccidioidomycosis
What is another name for Coccidioides immitus
Valley Fever or Desert Rheumatism
How can Coccidioides be found in the lung
By CXR and finding a spherules containing endospores in the lung.
What are the opportunistic fungal infections
Cryptococcosis
Aspergillosis
Mucormycosis
Pneumocystis jirvecii
Etiology of Cryptococcosis
Cryptococcus neoformans
Where is Cryptococcosis found
Soil with pigeon droppings.
Etiology of Aspergillosis
Aspergillus fumigatus.
What types of pulmonary disease does Aspergillosis cause
Allergic bronco pulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA)
Aspergilloma
Invasive Aspergillosis
Etiology of Mucormycosis
Rhizopus species
After Mucormycosis spores are inhaled they cause
blood vessel invasion
What is the most common opportunistic infection in AIDS patients
Pneumocystis jirovecii
What does Pneymocystis jirvecii cause
Pneumocystis pneumonia
Mucormycosis exists in the environment as
Mold, not dimorphic
What was the former name of Pneumocystis jirovecii
Pneumocystis carinii
Aspergillosis exists in the environment as
Mold with spores, not dimorphic
Cryptococcosis exists in the environment as
Yeasts, not dimorphic. Has a wide capsule.
