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IDR Mycology > Mycology > Flashcards

Mycology Flashcards

1
Q

are yeast or mold made up of differentiated tissue

A

mold

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2
Q

are all the cells of yeast or mold reproducible

A

yeast

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3
Q

fungi can be classified as __ or ___

A

yeast or mold

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4
Q

yeast reproduce through what method

A

binary fission

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5
Q

fungi use what type of respiration

A

aerobic

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6
Q

what is the function of hyphae

A

help disperse gametes of mold

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7
Q

hyphae are found in what organism

A

mold

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8
Q

what is found in fungi that acts similar to cholesterol, it which is helps stabilize the plasma membrane

A

ergosterol

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9
Q

what 2 components make up the fungal cell envelope

A

beta-glucans
mannoproteins

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10
Q

what is the effect of fungi having lots of mannose

A

mannose activates the mannose binding lectin pathway of complement

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11
Q

what are pseudohyphae

A

structures similar to hyphae but they are able to reproduce

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12
Q

in what organism will you find pseudohyphae
in what organism will you find hyphae

A

pseudo- yeast
hyphae- mold

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13
Q

what is the structure of septate hyphae

A

distinct walls between cells of mold

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14
Q

another name for a fungal spore is __

A

canidia

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15
Q

bacterial spores are very durable and are not easily killed. how does this relate to fungal spore

A

fungal are easily killed

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16
Q

what is the function of yeast showing bright colors

A

protection against ROS and UV light

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17
Q

when looking at a culture of fungi (mold) where would there be the highest concentration of canidia (spores), why

A

darker/bright pigmented areas
spores contain reproductive cells that would need protection against ROS/UV light

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18
Q

Pityriasis (tinea) versicolor, caused by __, causes __

A

malassezia furfur
benign skin color changes

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19
Q

tinea negra, caused by __, causes __

A

hortaea weneckii
benign skin darkening

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20
Q

black piedra, caused, by ___, causes __

A

piedra hortae
dandruff

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21
Q

onychomycosis, caused by __ and __, causes __

A

trichophyton rubrum
trichophyton mentagrophytes
nail fungal infection

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22
Q

how do superficial mycoses differ from cutaneous mycoses

A

superficial= benign
cutaneous= itch/burn in response to inflammation

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23
Q

what is a mycetoma

A

granulomatous inflammation beneath subcutaneous region to bone

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24
Q

what is a eumycetoma

A

granulomatous fungal growth that disperses granules when squeezed

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25
Q

what is the most common mycetoma

A

madurella

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26
Q

subcutaneous mycoses are often due to what 3 possibilities

A

-decreased profusion of blood to the area (ex: diabetic foot)
-continued exposure
-immunocompromised

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27
Q

what are endemic mycoses

A

fungal infections habitually present in a geographic area

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28
Q

why do fungi represent geographic areas

A

fungi live in soil so different areas have different soil types that allow for growth

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29
Q

what characterizes a primary pathogenic fungi

A

fungi able to cause disseminated disease in a healthy human

30
Q

what does it mean to say all primary pathogens are dimorphic

A

they can switch between being a yeast or a mold depending on the temperature

31
Q

what growth media is used exclusively for fungi

A

sabouraud dextrose agar

32
Q

dimorphic fungi grow as yeasts at __C and mold at __C

A

yeast at 37C
mold at 25C

33
Q

what are the 2 main stains used to visualize fungi

A

sliver
Calcoflour white

34
Q

when using the calcoflour white stain to detect yeasts and molds, the fluorescent dye binds to __ in the fungal cell wall, making the fungi appear bright white

A

chitin

35
Q

what fungi have yeast that are barrel shaped arthrospores connected by hyphae of mold

A

coccidiodes

36
Q

what fungi have yeasts that can reproduce and form spherules (balls of yeast)

A

coccidiodes

37
Q

what are 4 virulence factors of coccidiodes

A

secrete SOW glycoprotein
produce urease to neutralize phagolysosome pH
proteinase cleaves IgG, IgA, and collagen
receptor binds to mammalian estradiol and progesterone

38
Q

what fungi causes valley fever

A

coccidiodes

39
Q

what 3 populations are at greatest risk for valley fever caused by coccidiodes

A

pregnant/recently pregnant women
pacific islanders
african descent

40
Q

what fungi appears as glassy with septate hyphae mold

A

blastomyces

41
Q

where are blastomyces found

A

extracellular

42
Q

what type of budding does blastomyces perform

A

broad budding

43
Q

what yeast can cause slow spreading, elevated blue/purple painless warts

A

blastomyces

44
Q

what glycoprotein does blastomyces shed

A

BAD1

45
Q

BAD1 (secretes by blastomyces) and SOW glycoproteins (secreted by coccidiodes) have what 3 functions

A

distract macrophages
promote Th2 response (Th1 is needed)
soak up Ab and complement

46
Q

what fungi have yeast found in or outside alveolar macrophages

A

paracoccidiodes

47
Q

what type of budding do paracoccidiodes do

A

pilot wheel (parent cell with daughter buds that have their own buds)

48
Q

what fungi can cause disseminated disease >40 years after initial infection, leading to painful periorbital, mucosal, and cutaneous lesions

A

paracoccidiodes

49
Q

__ growth is promoted by estrogen
__ growth is inhibited by estrogen

A

coccidiodes promoted
paracoccidiodes inhibited

50
Q

what are 2 virulence factors that paracoccidiodes has

A

alpha glucan instead of beta glucan in their cell walls prevents killing by neutrophils/macrophages
glycoprotein 43 allows for adherence to the basement membrane and promotes a Th2 response

51
Q

what fungi mold form macroconidia and microconidia

A

histoplasmosis

52
Q

where do histoplasmosis fungi grow

A

alveolar macrophages

53
Q

what is the soil requirement needed for histoplasmosis to grow

A

soil rich in nitrates (nitrates are high in bird feces)

54
Q

what fungi infection can lead to ulcers of the oral mucosa/tongue, cutaneous ulcers, and can also cross the blood brain barrier leading to meningitis

A

histoplasmosis

55
Q

where is paracoccidiodes found

A

rainforest/lowland farms of central and south america

56
Q

what fungi grows inside alveolar macrophages

A

paracoccidiodes

57
Q

what yeast multiplies inside or outside alveolar macrophages

A

paracoccidiodes

58
Q

what are the 3 virulence factors of paracoccidiodes

A

alpha glucan in cell wall prevents killing by neutrophils
glycoprotein 43 allow for adherence to host basement membrane
drive Th2 response (we need Th1)

59
Q

what yeast growth is inhibited by estrogen

A

paracoccidiodes

60
Q

what yeast can cause painful periorbital, mucosal, and cutaneous lesions after a latency of up to 40 years after initial infection

A

paracoccidiodes

61
Q

what is the appearance of paracoccidioides yeast

A

pilot wheel (mother cell budding producing more buds)

62
Q

how is sporotrichosis acquired

A

wound infection

63
Q

sporotrix is most common in people who are working with __

A

garden soil

64
Q

what yeast starts as a single lesion but can spread along lymph channels

A

sporothrix

65
Q

potassium iodide can be used to treat what yeast infection

A

sporothrix

66
Q

what is the appearance of sporothrix

A

narrow stalk with petal looking spores

67
Q

are candida yeasts or molds

A

yeasts

68
Q

what yeasts can form pseudohyphae from germ tubes

A

candida albicans

69
Q

what yeast can be visualized with gram stain

A

c. albicans

70
Q

what type of budding does candida albicans perform

A

budding from pseudohyphae

71
Q

what yeast forms a germ tube

A

c. albicans

IDR Mycology (1 decks)

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