Mycology Flashcards
Types of fungi?
Mold: filamentous form of fungi
Yeast: oval-shaped, single-celled form of fungi
Dimorphic fungi: fungi that can grow both as a mold and as a yeast
Dematiaceous fungi: black or brown pigmented fungi
Phaeohyphomycosis – infections caused by dematiaceous fungi
Hyphae and main examples
filaments or tubular structures of molds
* Septated (cross walls) - Aspergillus
* Non-septated (no cross walls or bundles) - Mucor
* Pseudohyphae (incomplete budding) - Candida Albicans
Conidia
Spores extending (Aspergillus)
Sporangiospores
Spores enclosed (Mucormycetes)
Blastoconidia
Budding yeast cell (Blastomyces dermatitidis)
Microconidia & macroconidia
1 or more conidia (differentiate Dermatophytes)
Agar used for dermatophytes vs Agar for Candida
Sabouraud’s agar = Dermatophytes… low pH
CHROMagar = candida… different species are diff colors
KOH stain
Used for skin scaping
Gomori’s methenamine silver
Aseptated hyphae
List Superficial & cutaneous fungi
- Dermatophytosis
- Candidiasis
- Tinea versicolor
- Tinea nigra
- Piedra
Subcutaneous
- Sporotrichosis
- Chromoblastomycosis
- Mycetoma
Systemic/Endemic
- Coccidioidomycosis
- Histoplasmosis
- Blastomycosis
- Paracoccidioidomycosis
Systemic/
Opportunistic
- Cryptococcosis
- Candidiasis
- Aspergillosis
- Mucormycosis
- Pneumocystis
Malassezia furfur aka ( Tinea Versicolor)
Still called Pityriasis
* Normal flora on Oily parts of skin, Lipophilic
* Dimorphic (Spaghetti & Meatballs)
*Light (hypopigmented) or coppery brown lesions
* Dandruff - flaky, white to yellowish scales
Dermatophytes
Causes types of ringworm
* Identified by macro/micro conidia
* Some transmitted person to person
* Microsporum show up under UV lught
Sporotrichosis aka. ( Sporothrix schenkii)
- Sub-cutaneous
- Dimorphic found in soil
- Disease of gardners
- Painless papule that spread along lymph
Endemic characteristics:
Dimorphic
Transmission by inhalation
Histo Capsulatum and Blasto dermatitidis can resemble TB
Blastomyces dermatitidis
*Dimorphic, but grows as extracellular yeast in tissue
* Can disseminate to skin forming ulcers
* Found in woods near lakes and rivers - middle to east U.S.
Histoplasma capsulatum
In soil of bird or BAT droppings
Intracellular yeast
No capsule and proliferates in macrophages
Middle/eastern U.S.
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
Grows in sub-tropical rainforests
* Blastoconidia (like blastomyces)
* Budding forms a pilot’s wheel
Coccidioides immitis & posadasii
AKA Valley Fever
* Likes dry, semi arid regions
South US to central america
* Transmission by inhaling Arthroconidia
Candida sp.
Candida albicans most common species
* Pseudohyphae
* Germ tubes used to determine C. Albicans
* C. Auris shows drug resistance
* Causes white thrush in mouth, esoph, vagina and skin
Cryptococcosis (neformans/gatti)
*Encapsulated yeast
* Pigeon droppings
* Disseminates to CNS (AIDs defining illness)
* Prep is India ink
Asperigillosis
Ubiquitous mold
* Example of Septated hyphae w/ chains of conidia on a conidiophore
* Respiratory as well as blood and catheter sites
Mucormycosis
Ubiquitous mold
* Inhaled from spoiled bread/foods
Rhinocerebral disease (in acidotic diabetics)
Pulmonary disease in immunocompromised
